Exam 1 - Route 66 Factoids

Question 1

Thomas Jefferson penned the Declaration of Independence in 1776 using the ideas of ____ _____, most notably his concept of natural rights (inalienable rights).

Answer 1

John Locke

Question 2

The Declaration of Independence was a call for a revolution, NOT…

The Constitution was a framework for a new government, NOT…

Answer 2

a framework for a new government.

a revolution.

Question 3

Using many of the ideas of Montesquieu, _____ _______ was the brains behind the US Constitution in 1787.

Answer 3

James Madison

Question 4

President John Adams (1797-1801) publicly indicated that the Constitution was designed for…

Answer 4

a governing elite.

Question 5

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) was the ancestral founder of today’s __________ _____. He was a strong believer in…

Answer 5

Democratic Party

States’ Rights

Question 6

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) believed in democracy and power to the people, but more in theory than in practice. Practical democracy would have to wait for the coming of ______ _______ in 1828.

Answer 6

Andrew Jackson

Question 7

Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) believed in democracy and power to the people, in practice. In many ways, he was a true president of the people and the common man.

Answer 7

He also didn’t give a fuck about Africans or Native Americans.

Question 8

It was Andrew Jackson who helped shift power away from _________ _______ and state legislatures toward the ______.

Answer 8

political parties

state legislatures

people

Question 9

Nominating conventions can be traced back to ______ _______.

Answer 9

Andrew Jackson

Question 10

Andrew Jackson persuaded the states to choose their presidential electors through a popular vote. The popular vote to hold during the _____. The _________ _______ is still ultimately the decider of a presidential election, but the popular vote does influence it.

Answer 10

1820s

Electoral College

Question 11

Patrick henry was a firm believer in State’s Rights. He famously said,

Answer 11

“Give me liberty, or give me death.”

Question 12

Patrick Henry opposed the ratification of the Constitution, stating that he smelled a “rat.” What is that “rat”?

Answer 12

The “rat” being a strong central government (Henry was a States’ Rights man).

Question 13

Daniel Shays (former Rev War captain) led Shay’s Rebellion. What did this lead to?

Answer 13

The calling for the Constitutional Convention.

Question 14

_____ _________ (1786) convinced many political leaders (especially Alexander Hamilton) that the national government was too weak.

Answer 14

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 15

_________ ________ used Shay’s Rebellion to scare the 13 states into going to Philadelphia and ultimately drawing up a new constitution.

Answer 15

Alexander Hamilton

Question 16

Alexander Hamilton didn’t trust the people, referring to them as “The Swinish Multitude”. The goal of the convention was to protect ________, and to protect the country from the ______, like Daniel Shays.

Answer 16

property

people

Question 17

Alexander Hamilton was the ancestral founder of today’s __________ _____. Unlike Jefferson, Hamilton did not trust the common man (farmers and the working class).

Answer 17

Republican Party

Question 18

Alexander was a strong believer in a powerful central government, favoring: ________, _______, and the rick and well-born.

Answer 18

industry, banking

Question 19

James Madison has often been considered America’s greatest political theorist, as evidenced by his work on the __________ ______, the ____ of ______, and the ____________.

Answer 19

Federalist Papers
Bill of Rights
Constitution

Question 20

The Theory of Nullification (1832) was ____ _ _______’s contribution to political theory. He was considered to be one of America’s great political theorists.

Answer 20

John C. Calhoun

Question 21

The ______ __ _____________, along with secession and strong states rights ultimately led to the Civil War thirty years later (1861-1865).

Answer 21

Theory of Nullification

Question 22

James Madison was involved in all of the debates, and was the convention’s prime mover and theorist. He is considered the “Father of the __ ____________” and “____ of ______.”

Answer 22

Father of the US Constitution

Bill of Rights (civil liberties)

Question 23

Using the ideas of ___________, Madison wrote into the Constitution the principle of “separation of powers”, and the system of “checks and balances”.

Answer 23

Montesquieu

Question 24

James Madison’s Federalist No. 10 argues that government is most dangerous when a single group is powerful enough to…

Answer 24

gain full political control.

Question 25

According to Madison, a large ________ is less likely to have an omnipotent faction.

Answer 25

republic

Question 26

John Marshall is considered America's greatest jurist. He was Chief Justice from ____-____. He believed in a powerful central government.

Answer 26

1801-1835

Question 27

John Marshall presided over Marbury v. Madison (____) and _________ v. ________ (1831).

Answer 27

1803 | McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 28

Marbury v. Madison (1803) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1831) gave us the Principle of Judicial Review (1803) and the ________ of _______ _______ _____ (1831).

Answer 28

Doctrine of Implied Federal Power

Question 29

There were only two Chief Justices between 1801 and 1864: John Marshall (1801-35) and _____ _____ (1836-64).

Answer 29

Roger Taney (That is the price you pay for lifetime appointments.) - J. Reilly

Question 30

Roger Taney presided over the Dred Scott Decision (1857), which led to the legalizing of slavery everywhere in the United States. This further led to the controversial 1860 election and, ultimately, the _____ ___.

Answer 30

Civil War.

Question 31

The Dred Scott Decision favored States' Rights and the institution of slavery. It was eventually reversed by the __ _________.

Answer 31

14th Amendment

Question 32

"When people find themselves in groups of like-minded people, they are especially likely to move to extremes."

Answer 32

Cass Sunstein

Question 33

C. Wright Mills was a proponent of the Theory of _______.

Answer 33

Elitism

Question 34

_______ ____ believed that most democracies operate as pluralistic systems as opposed to majoritarian systems.

Answer 34

Robert Dahl

Question 35

The US constitutes a nation that was "Born Free."

Answer 35

Louis Hartz

Question 36

____ ______ ____ believed that any form of government should be judged on its ability to "promote the individual as a progressive."

Answer 36

John Stuart Mill

Question 37

The public as a whole takes an interest in only a few of the ________ of policy decisions dealt with by the government each year.

Answer 37

hundreds

Question 38

Public education today is mostly the responsibility of state and local governments, accounting for __% of funding.

Answer 38

90

Question 39

______ __________ refers to the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments.

Answer 39

Fiscal Federalism

Question 40

Viewed in historical terms, __________ has been a contentious and dynamic system that has adapted to the needs of the time.

Answer 40

federalism

Question 41

The 10th Amendment gives power to the ______. Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1-18 of the Constitution gives power to the _______ __________.

Answer 41

states | federal government

Question 42

The ___________ ___ brought about a social and political revolution: primaries, referendum, recall, female vote, popular election of US Senators, income tax, prohibition, conservation, consumer protection.

Answer 42

Progressive Era (1901-1920)

Question 43

The proper chronology leading up to the American Revolution would be: ``` ______ _________ (1770) ______ ___ _____ (1773) ___________ ________ (1774) _________ & _______ (1775) ___________ of ____________ (1776) ```

Answer 43

``` Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Continental Congress Lexington & Concord Declaration of Independence ```

Question 44

Lochner v. New York (1905) decided that...

Answer 44

state regulation of labor practices violated firm's property rights.

Question 45

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) afforded...

Answer 45

free legal counsel to the accused in non-capital cases, if the accused is too poor to hire a layer.

Question 46

The Framers in 1787 entrusted the selection of US Senators to state legislatures, according to the US Constitution. Later, the __ __________ allowed the people to elect US Senators.

Answer 46

17th Amendment (1913)

Question 47

Pluralism contends that it is the preference of the special interests that mostly determines...

Answer 47

what government does.

Question 48

Sovereignty refers to...

Answer 48

supreme and final authority.

Question 49

The Great Compromise (1787)...

Answer 49

set up a bicameral legislature. Congress was comprised of two houses: The Senate & House of Representatives.

Question 50

__________ ______ are listed in Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1-18 of the Constitution. Education and the Federal Reserve are not listed.

Answer 50

Enumerated powers

Question 51

From ____ to ____, the most significant issue of federalism was whether the states would accept the lawful authority of the national government.

Answer 51

1789 to 1865

Question 52

The Elastic Clause is... I.e. The government can stretch its powers by implying that certain powers, though not listed (enumerated), are "necessary and proper" for the well-being of the country.

Answer 52

Article I, Section 8, Clause 18.

Question 53

In practice, the most significant restraint imposed by Congress on a president is its power to ____ ____ and __________ _____, thus determining the programs that the president can implement.

Answer 53

make laws | appropriate money

Question 54

The first national government of the US was a Confederation (____-____), known as the Articles of Confederation.

Answer 54

1781-1789

Question 55

The second national government of the US was a Republic, based on the ____________ (1789-present).

Answer 55

Constitution

Question 56

Congress's enactment of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) in 2009 - Obama's response to the economic crash of 2008 - was a supreme example of _______________ in action.

Answer 56

majoritarianism

Question 57

Devolution is known as...

Answer 57

the attempt to "pass down" authority from the national level to the state and local levels in selected areas.