Exam 1 SG

Question 1

anterior compartment

Answer 1

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial artery and vein

Question 2

lateral compartment

Answer 2

peroneus longus and brevis, superficial peroneal nerve, peroneal artery

Question 3

superficial posterior compartment

Answer 3

triceps surae

Question 4

deep posterior compartment

Answer 4

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery/vein

Question 5

ankle articulartions

Answer 5

distal tibiofibular syndesmosis joint

talocrural joint

Question 6

rear foot articulations

Answer 6

subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
inferior talus and superior calcaneous
posterior, anterior, and middle

Question 7

mid foot articulations

Answer 7

talocalcaneonavicular (TCN) joint

calcaneocuboid (CC) joint

Question 8

forefoot articulations

Answer 8

tarsometatarsal (TMT)
metatarsophalangeal (MTP)
DIP and PIP (4)

Question 9

talocrural joint
ankle
action

Answer 9

plantarflexion

dorsiflexion

Question 10

talartarsal joint
foot
action

Answer 10

inversion

eversion

Question 11

PIP and DIP
toes
action

Answer 11

flexion 2-5

extension 2-5

Question 12

dorsiflexion

Answer 12

20

firm/hard

Question 13

plantarflexion

Answer 13

50

firm/hard

Question 14

inversion

Answer 14

talocrural 5
forefoot 35
firm

Question 15

eversion

Answer 15

talocrural 5
forefoot 15
hard/firm

Question 16

anterior drawer
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 16

lie in supine, knee joint slightly flexed, ankle joint 10 to 15 PF, grasp patients heel, stabilize leg and draw foot anteriorly
tibia pulls forward
ACL injury
anterior talofibular ligament

Question 17

posterior drawer
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 17

lie in supine, knee joint slightly flexed, ankle joint 10 to 15 PF, grasp patients heel, stabilize leg and draw foot posteriorly
tibia pulls backwards
posterior cruciate ligament

Question 18

talar tilt (inversion/eversion)
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 18

sitting with leg off, PF, grab calcaneous and perform inversion, anatomical position, then go into inversion and eversion, DF and eversion and inversion
pain, excessive gapping
calcaneiofibular and deltoid ligament

Question 19

kleiger’s test
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 19

foot DF and externally rotated
pain
syndesmosis injury

Question 20

cotton test
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 20

stabilize tibia and fibula, lateral translation to foot
translation of 3-5 mm, or clank heard or felt
syndesmosis injury

Question 21

TMT/midtarsal glide
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 21

supine or seated, grasp metatarsal and proximal tarsal bone, anterior and posterior glide,
laxity or decreased mobility
deep transverse metatarsal ligament or interosseous ligament

Question 22

Valgus/varus
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 22

valgus- stabilize, rotate toe out
varus- stabilize, rotate inward
pain or increase laxity
sprain MCL, LCL, avulsion fracture

Question 23

thompson test
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 23

lie face down, feet hand off edge, grab gastroc
no movement in foot
rupture of achilles tendon

Question 24

tap/percussion test
how to perform
positive sign
what pathology

Answer 24

tap end of long bone
pain
bone fracture

Question 25

long bone compression how to perform positive sign what pathology

Answer 25

pressing on ends of bone pain long bone fracture

Question 26

tinel's sign how to perform positive sign what pathology

Answer 26

tap posterior to medial malleolus tingling or parathesia distally peripheral nerve injury

Question 27

homan's sign how to perform positive sign what pathology

Answer 27

extend knee, raise up to 10 degrees, passively and abruptly DF foot and squeezes calf deep calf pain and tenderness deep vein thrombosis

Question 28

feiss line how to perform positive sign what pathology

Answer 28

draw line between apex of medial malleolus, draw straight line to first MTP joint, find navicular tuberosity, have weight bearing find navicular tuberosity, navicular tubercle below line pes planus

Question 29

navicular drop test how to perform positive sign what pathology

Answer 29

mark navicular tubercle NWB and WB if more than 1 cm different pes plansu

Question 30

interdigital neuroma test how to perform positive sign what pathology

Answer 30

squeeze distal foot together reproduction of patient's symptoms morton's neuroma

Question 31

ankle girth test how to perform positive sign what pathology

Answer 31

figure 8 tape measure around ankle increased measurement on one side swelling and inflammation

Question 32

syndesmosis sprain MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 32

extreme external rotation or DF of talus pain, inflammation, lack of movement, Kleiger's test RICE, NWB, refer to physcian

Question 33

compartment syndrom MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 33

``` acute- blunt force trauma chronic- exertional shiny, weak pulses, AROM decreased, no DF, PF painful, acute- emergency room chronic- IB and stretching ```

Question 34

hallux valgus MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 34

arthritic or metabolic conditions medially deviation of first metatarsal insoles, or surgery to fix

Question 35

mortons neuroma MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 35

entrapment of common intermetatarsal nerve 3/4, 2/3 pain in traverse arch radiating into toes, PT between MT heads, interdigital neuroma test refer to Dr. modification of foot wear, orthotics, surgery

Question 36

plantar faciitis MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 36

forced DF of ankle w/ toe extension or insidious pain at calcaneal tubercle radiates distally, worse with WB, PT orthotics, heel cups/foam, stretching of calr,

Question 37

stress fracture MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 37

chronic overuse insidious, chronic pain, localized pain PT at fx site, normal ROM, refer to Dr., won't show up for 4-6 weeks

Question 38

os trigonum MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 38

traumatic, forced hyperPF, pain deep to the achilles tendon with activity, swelling over anteromedial and anterolateral to the achilles tendon, pain with palpation over posterior talus, A/P ROM pain w/ PF PRICE, refer to Dr.

Question 39

lisfranc injuries MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 39

foot is in a PF and recieves blow in th heel area axial loading the metatarsals sever midfoot pain, or paratheisa, swelling along midfoot, pain WB, pain control, NWB, refer to Dr.

Question 40

achilles tendinopathy MOI signs/symptoms evaluation techniques

Answer 40

pain or buring along tendon repetitive eccentric contraction of gastroc/soleus PT, crepitus, limited ROM in PF/DF, NSAIDS, rest, ice, heal lift or cup, immobilization, stretching

Question 41

lateral bony structure palpation

Answer 41

``` fibular shaft lateral malleouls lateral border of calcaneous peroneal tubercle cuboid base of 5th metatarsal 5th metatarsal 5th phalange ```

Question 42

anterior (dorsal) bony structure palpation

Answer 42

``` anterior tibial shaft talar dome cuniforms navicular cuboid phalanges ```

Question 43

medial bony structure palpation

Answer 43

``` medial malleolus medial border of calcaneous sustentaculum tali navicular and navicular tubercle medial talar tubercle first cunifrom first metatarsal first MTP joint ```

Question 44

posterior bony structure palpation

Answer 44

calcaneous

Question 45

plantar bony structure palpation

Answer 45

medial calcaneal tubercle metatarsal heads sesamoid bone of the great toe

Question 46

lateral soft tissue palpation

Answer 46

``` peroneus longus and brevis muscle and tendon peroneous tertius calcaneofibular ligament anterior talofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament ```

Question 47

anterior soft tissue palpation

Answer 47

``` tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus tendon extensor retinacula sinis tarsi (extensor digitorum brevis) inferior extensor retinaculum ```

Question 48

medial soft structure palpation

Answer 48

``` deltoid ligament spring ligament tibialis posterior tendon (navicular tubercle) flexor hallucis longus tendon flexor digitorum longus tendon ```

Question 49

posterior soft tissue palpation

Answer 49

gastrocnemius- soleus comples achilles tendon subcutaneous calcaneal bursa subtendinous calcaneal bursa

Question 50

plantar soft tissue palpation

Answer 50

plantar fascia

Question 51

open pack position of ankle

Answer 51

plantarflexion

Question 52

closed pack position of ankle

Answer 52

dorsiflexion

Question 53

``` medial longitudinal arch function of arch static and dynamic stabilizers what structures runs along ```

Answer 53

creates space for soft tissues with elastic properties, calcaneus, talus, navicular, 1 cuniform, 1 metatarsal plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, deltoid, plantar fascia

Question 54

``` lateral longitudinal arch function of arch static and dynamic stabilizers what structures runs along ```

Answer 54

transmitting weight and makes more contact with the ground calcaneous, cuboid, 5th metatarsal, plantar fascia,

Question 55

``` transverse arch function of arch static and dynamic stabilizers what structures runs along ```

Answer 55

muscular support metatarsal heads extends to calcaneous, 1 and 5 metatarsal heads are WB

Question 56

windlass effect

Answer 56

medial longitudinal arch | heel to toe, aponeurosis, big toe DF, pulls heel and toe together locks foot

Question 57

gastrocnemius insert origin action

Answer 57

I- calcaneus via calcaneal tendon O- condyles of femur, posterior surfaces A- F knee, PF ankle

Question 58

soleus insert origin action

Answer 58

I- calcaneus via calcaneal tendon O- soleal line, proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of the head of the fibula A- PF ankle

Question 59

peroneal longus insert origin action

Answer 59

I- bast of 5th metatarsal and medial cuniform O- head of fibula and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula A- Ev foot

Question 60

peroneal brevis insert origin action

Answer 60

I- tuberosity of 5th metatarsal O- distal 2/3 of lateral fibula A- Ev foot

Question 61

tibialis anterior insert origin action

Answer 61

I- medial cuneiform and distal phalanges of second through 5th toes O- lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane A- IV foot, DF ankle

Question 62

tibialis posterior insert origin action

Answer 62

I- all 5 tarsal bones and bases of 2- 4th metatarsal O- proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane A- IV foot, PF ankle

Question 63

extensor digitorum longus insert origin action

Answer 63

I- middle and distal phalanges of 2-5th toes O- lateral condyle of tibia; proximal shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane A- Extend 2-5th toes, DF ankle, EV foot

Question 64

extensor digitorum brevis insert origin action

Answer 64

I- 2-4th toes via extensor digitorum longus tendons O- dorsal surface of calcaneus A- Extend 2-4th toes

Question 65

extensor hallicus longus insert origin action

Answer 65

I- distal phalanx of 1st toe O- middle, anterior surface of tibia and interosseous membrane A- Extend 1st toe, DF ankle, IV foot

Question 66

extensor hallicus brevis insert origin action

Answer 66

I- proximal phalanx of 1st toe O- dorsal surface of calcaneus A- Extend 1st toe

Question 67

flexor digitorum longus insert origin action

Answer 67

I- distal phalanges of 2-5th toes O- middle, posterior surface of tibia A- F 2-5th toes, weak PF ankle, IV foot

Question 68

flexor digitorum brevis insert origin action

Answer 68

I- middle phalanges of 2-5th toes O- medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis A- Flex middle phalanges of 2-5th toes]

Question 69

flexor hallicus longus insert origin action

Answer 69

I- distal phalanx of 1st toe O- middle of posterior fibula A- F 1st toe, weak PF ankle, IV foot

Question 70

flexor hallicus brevis insert origin action

Answer 70

I- medial and lateral surfaces of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe O- plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuniform A- Flex 1st toe

Question 71

abductor hallicus insert origin action

Answer 71

I- proximal phalanx of 1st toe and medial sesamoid bone O- medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis A- AB 1st toe

Question 72

adductor hallicus insert origin action

Answer 72

I- lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe O- Oblique- bases of 2-5th metatarsals, Transverse- plantar ligament of 3-5th metatarsophalangeal joints A- AD 1st toe, assist to maintain transverse arch, assist to F 1 toe

Question 73

hindfoot (rearfoot)

Answer 73

calcaneus | talus

Question 74

midfoot

Answer 74

navicular cuniforms (3) cuboid

Question 75

forefoot

Answer 75

metatarsals 4 | phalanges 14

Question 76

what causes hammer toe

Answer 76

wearing short, narrow shoes that are too tight

Question 77

what causes morton's toe

Answer 77

genetic | 1st metatarsal is shorter than 2nd metatarsal

Question 78

what causes claw toe

Answer 78

nerve damage caused by diseases such as diabetes or alcoholism

Question 79

how does hammer toe, morton's toe, and claw toe differ in clinical presentation

Answer 79

claw toe is caused by nerve damage, morton's toe is genetic, and hammer toe is caused be to tight shoes

Question 80

what structure pass thorugh tarsal tunnel

Answer 80

``` tendons of posterior tibialis flexor digitorum longus flexor hallicus longus posterior tibial artery and vein posterior tibial nerve ```

Question 81

what parts of foot are weight bearing during gait cycle

Answer 81

1st and 5th metatarsals | calcaneous

Question 82

different observation/inspection specific to foot and ankle

Answer 82

``` WB, PWB, NWB antalgic gait ER while walking swelling, ecchymosis, deformity reddened or shiny skin, decreased DF, absent of doralis pedis pulse muscular atrophy new orthotics, changed shoes, shoe condition ```

Question 83

ottawa ankle rules | how rules were derived in EBP

Answer 83

patient is unable to walk 4 steps both immediately following injury and at the time or exam ankle radiography ordered if pain in zone a or b foot radiography ordered if pain in zone c or d

Question 84

supination

Answer 84

ankle PF, subtalar IV, forefoot AD

Question 85

pronation

Answer 85

ankle DF, subtar EV, forefoot AB

Question 86

types of abnormal gait | what pathology indicated

Answer 86

``` antalgic (painful) arthrogenic (stiff hip or knee) contracture gait trendelenberg's drop foot ```

Question 87

describe how an inter-professional team approach to patient care is beneficial to the patient and patient outcomes give an example of inter-professional practice

Answer 87

help prevent errors, improves patient experience, and delivers better patient outcomes and can reduce healthcare costs a doctor, nurse, pharamcist, and physical therapist work together to help a patient get better

Question 88

ankle ligaments

Answer 88

``` lateral- anterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament medial deltoid ligaments ```

Question 89

Tom, Dick, and Nervous Harry

Answer 89

``` tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus tibial artery tibial nerve flexor hallius longus ```

Question 90

pulses

Answer 90

posterior tibial artery | dorsalis pedis artery

Question 91

function of foot

Answer 91

acts as a base of support necessary for maintaining upright posture provides flexibility to adapt to uneven terrain aids in shock absorption acts as a lever during push off

Question 92

pes cavus

Answer 92

high arch

Question 93

pes planus

Answer 93

flat foot

Question 94

main phases of gait

Answer 94

stance phase | swing phase

Question 95

stance phase | sub phases

Answer 95

heel strike/ initial contant- rigid and supinated foot flat/ load response midstance/single leg stance- flexible and pronated terminal stance/ heel off toe off/ preswing

Question 96

swing stance | sub phases

Answer 96

pressing initial swing midswing terminal swing

Question 97

initial contact

Answer 97

anterior tibialis eccentric contraction

Question 98

mid stance

Answer 98

gastroc eccentric contraction

Question 99

terminal stance

Answer 99

gastroc concentric contraction

Question 100

preswing

Answer 100

gastoc concentric contraction

Question 101

antalgic (painful)

Answer 101

injury to pelvis, hip, knee, ankle or foot | effected leg stance phase is short than other leg

Question 102

arthrogenic (stiff knee or hip)

Answer 102

stiffness, laxity, or deformity can be painful lift entire leg higher than normal to clear the ground

Question 103

contracture gait

Answer 103

if the person was in a cast or brace for a long time,

Question 104

trendelenbergs

Answer 104

contralateral side droops

Question 105

drop foot gait

Answer 105

weak or paralyzed DFs results in drop foot, to compensate the knee is lifted higher than normal, foot will slap ground

Question 106

syndesmosis structures

Answer 106

anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament interosseous ligament interosseous membrane