Exam 1 Stem Cells Flashcards
(23 cards)
Stem Cells
- Can develop into a whole organism
- Able to self renew
- Generate daughter cells that can differentiate into many specialized cells
- Exist in both embryos & adult tissue
Stem cell are:
- Totipotent
- Pluripotent
- Multipotent
- Unipotent
Potential of a SINGLE cell to develop into an entire organism
Totipotent
Ability to develop into ALL cell types of the body, but NOT supporting structures (placenta, amnion)
Pluripotent
Ability to give rise to a SMALL number of DIFFERENT cell types
Multipotent
Capacity to give rise to a SINGLE CELL type
Unipotent
Able to differentiate into MANY cell types:
Plasticity
Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Found in early embryos
- Able to differentiate into MANY cell types = plasticity
Hematopoietic stem cells Skin stem cells Neural stem cells Epithelial stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells are examples of:
Multipotent Stem Cells (Adult)
Blood cells, red blood cells, B lymphocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Epidermis, keratinocytes, hair follicles
Skin stem cells
Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes
Neural stem cells
Digestive tract lining: absorptive cells, goblet cells, paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells
Epithelial stem cells
- Originally found in bone marrow
- Also located in adipose tissue, nervous system, skin, tendon, ligaments, synovial membranes, muscle, trabecular bone
- Give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes & other connective tissue
Mesnchymal Stem Cells
Unipotent
- Able to differentiate into 1 type of cell
Daughter cells from same replication have different fates
Asymmetric Cell Division
Dysregulation of asymmetric cell division leads to_____
Cancer
- Microenvironment that controls stem cell self-renewal
- Prevents stem cells from becoming depleted or overproduced
- Controlled by extrinsic & intrinsic signaling
Stem Cell Niche
- Extrinsic signaling
- Intrinsic mechanisms
Stem Cell Niche - Self renewal
Extrinsic signaling
- Controlled by interaction w/ the extracellular matrix (ECM)
- Stem cells directly contacting the ECM are preserved
- Stem cells outside of direct contact will differentiate
Related to spindle orientation for proper mitosis
Intrinsic mechanisms
Use of stem cells to treat the following conditions:
Parkinson’s disease, Type 1 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, burns, heart disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)
Reprogramming of adult cells into pluripotency by introducing genes that encode specific transcription factors.
