Exam #1 study--

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the study of human behavior and the influences of emotion and thought (cognition) on behavior

Question 3

Affect

Answer 3

emotion (affect and cognition are evident through your behavior)

Question 4

Integration

Answer 4

two things merging; psychology and theology have an integrated relationship

Question 6

Hindsight Bias (common sense)

Answer 6

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, one would know it (20/20); impacts your thoughts and actions

Question 7

Overconfidence

Answer 7

being more confident in your action than you really are; more confident in your common sense; more confident than correct

Question 9

Scientific Attitude

Answer 9

curiosity + skepticism + humility = Scientific Attitude

Question 10

Scientific Method

Answer 10

make observation, form theory, refine theory

Question 11

Theory

Answer 11

way you come up with the questions

Question 12

Hypothesis

Answer 12

how you think the question will answer (results)

Question 13

Neurons

Answer 13

nerve cells; have bodies and branching nerves

Question 14

Action Potential

Answer 14

a brief electrical charge; the impulse fired from a neuron

Question 15

Synapse

Answer 15

the gap between two neurons

Question 16

Neurotransmitters

Answer 16

chemical messenger; some hit and some miss they cross the gap; they are like keys in a lock

Question 17

Central Nervous System

Answer 17

spinal cord and brain

Question 18

Reflex

Answer 18

automatic response to stimuli

Question 19

Genetic Influences on Behavior

Answer 19

Nature (parents birthing you, mental defect, premature birth, chromosome deficiency, physical defect, gender/sexuality)

Question 20

Environmental Influences on Behavior

Answer 20

Nurture (temperature, culture [electronics], religion, politics, geography, siblings/family, peers, century [time], experience)

Question 21

4 Major Stages of Development

Answer 21

Prenatal Development and Newborn: first zygote (2 weeks); embryo (2-8 weeks); fetus (9 weeks to birth); competence- not much; Infancy and Childhood: physical development happens (rolling, crawling, walking); brain development; Adolescence; Adulthood

Question 22

Jean Piaget

Answer 22

see handout

Question 23

Schemas

Answer 23

Concepts developed from experience

Question 24

Erik Erikson

Answer 24

see handout

Question 28

Perception

Answer 28

perception come from the interaction between a stimuli and experience

Question 32

Learning

Answer 32

a relatively permanent change in your behavior do to life circumstances/experiences

Question 33

Adaptability

Answer 33

our capasity to learn new behaviors to help us cope with changing circumstnaces

Question 34

Associative Learning (3 types)

Answer 34

Classical Conditioning; Operant Conditioning; Observational Learning

Question 37

Memory

Answer 37

the persistance of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

Question 38

Types of Memory

Answer 38

encoding (how we get information into our prain); storage (retaining the information); retrieval (getting at the information later)

Question 39

Hurdles to Memory

Answer 39

hurtles needed to overcome to get the message to action (attention, understandable, persuasive, memorable, and compels to action)

Question 40

Principles of Effective Communication

Answer 40

Vivid, concrete examples are more potent than abstract information; Messages that relate to what people already know or have experienced are more easily remembered; Spaced repetition aids memory; Active listening aids memory & facilitates attitude change; Attitudes & beliefs are shaped by action

Question 41

Intergration of Psychology and Christianity

Answer 41

Filler Model (most commen, scripture is used to interpret truth); Perceptible; Relational (psychological science and Christianity are relater)

Question 42

Psychological science _______ the gap between psychology and thwology

Answer 42

bridges

Question 43

Muller-Lyer

Answer 43

>--< center line is the same length, they just appear to be different

Question 44

Franz Gall

Answer 44

invented phrenology (the theory that the bumps on the skull revealed all of your traits [mentally]), at one point Britain had 20 phrenologists