exam 1 study guide

Question 1

Skeletal muscle tissue is

Answer 1

striated
found in skeletal muscles
easily fatigued

Question 2

Smooth muscle tissue is

Answer 2

in walls of blood vessels & digestive tract
single nucleus
involuntary

Question 3

Cardiac muscle tissue is

Answer 3

striated
single nucleus
heart muscle
branching network
involuntary
intercalated disks

Question 4

fasciculus

Answer 4

a bundle of fibers enveloped by connective tissue

Question 5

what binds all fasciculi together?

Answer 5

fibrous connective tissue

Question 6

what is the connective tissue covering the entire muscle

Answer 6

deep fascia

Question 7

what is the cordlike attachment of a muscle

Answer 7

tendon

Question 8

what is the sheet like attachment of a muscle

Answer 8

aponeurosis

Question 9

what is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Answer 9

sarcolemma

Question 10

what is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Answer 10

sarcoplasm

Question 11

what is the threadlike contractile elements

Answer 11

myofibril

Question 12

what are the thinner protein filaments in myofibrils

Answer 12

actin

Question 13

what are the thicker protein filaments in myofibrils

Answer 13

myosin

Question 14

what is the portion of a myofibril between Z line

Answer 14

sarcomere

Question 15

what are the light and dark bands on myofibrils

Answer 15

striations

Question 16

what is the attachment of motor axon to sarcolemma

Answer 16

neuromuscular junction

Question 17

What is the depression in sarcolemma receiving axon tip

Answer 17

synaptic cleft

Question 18

what is a motor neuron and its attached muscle fibers

Answer 18

motor unit

Question 19

what combines with oxygen to store small amounts of oxygen in muscle cells

Answer 19

myoglobin

Question 20

what is the phase of cellular respiration that requires oxygen

Answer 20

aerobic

Question 21

what are the products of pyruvic acid breakdown when adequate oxygen is present

Answer 21

energy, H2O, CO2

Question 22

What is acid formed from pyruvic acid when adequate oxygen is not available

Answer 22

lactic acid

Question 23

What provides direct energy for muscle contraction

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

What chemical whose accumulation produces an oxygen debt

Answer 24

lactic acid

Question 25

what is released from creatine phosphate to quickly re form ATP

Answer 25

high energy phosphate

Question 26

what are the smallest stimulus causing a contraction

Answer 26

minimal

Question 27

what activation of a muscle fiber causes a (all-or-none,graded) contration

Answer 27

all or none

Question 28

what is the primary cause of fatigue

Answer 28

lactic acid

Question 29

what are the type of contractions observed in whole muscles

Answer 29

graded

Question 30

what is the smallest stimulus that activates all motor units of a muscle

Answer 30

maximal

Question 31

what controls the number of motor units that are activated

Answer 31

nervous system