Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
(10 cards)
10 Rights of Medication Administration
- Right drug/medication
- 3 times to check drug order and drug label against each other
i. when you locate the drug
ii. just before opening or pouring the drug
iii. immediately before administration - Right dosage
- Right route
- oral med.
- sublingual oral route
- eye med.
- topical drugs: ointments or liquids
- precautions for use of transdermal patches
- patient education for inhalation med.
- creams and suppositories
- parenterals (IV, IM, subcut, and ID) - Right time
- frequency and specific hours - Right person
- identify the patient by name, DOB, or medical record number and check the response against the patient’s identa-band
- room and bed numbers are NOT valid forms of identification - Right Recording/documentation
- immediately record the drug given to the patient
- record and report unusual reactions to medication or patient refusal
- record injection site for parenteral medications - Right Client Education - inform clients about the medication (purpose, what to expect, and what to report)
- what does the patient already know about this medication? - Right to Refuse
- respect patient’s right to refuse
- explain the consequences
- inform the provider
- document refusal - Right assessment
- collect essential data before and after administering any medication - Right evaluation
- follow up with patient to verify therapeutic effects as well as adverse affects
How many times should you check your medication before you administer it?
3
- at the point of contact (removing from med drawer)
- just before opening and pouring the drug
- immediately before administering
What is a MAR and how is it used? What’s its importance?
- What is MAR and how is it used?
- Medication Administration Record
- used to electronically track and record administration of patient medications
- includes: patient name and each medications’ name, dose, frequency, and route - What is its importance?
- to prepare the dosage for medication administration
- you should question orders that have >3 tablets or capsules
Medication dosage using Dimensional Analysis?
- What are you looking for?
- What do you have on hand?
- Do you need to convert
- Does the answer make sense?
Differences between IV solutions
- Isotonic solutions
- 0.95 NaCl (normal saline)
- Lactated Ringer’s solution - Hypotonic solutions
- 0.33% NaCl (1/3-strength normal saline)
- 0.45% NaCl (1/2-strength normal saline) - Hypertonic solutions
- 5% - dextrose in lactated Ringer’s solution
- 5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl
What meds can and cannot be crushed or halved?
Can be halved?
- scored tablets
CANNOT be crushed:
- enteric-coated tablets (this would destroy their capacity to withstand destruction by stomach acid)
- Extended release
- capsules
- gelatin capsules
- controlled release capsules
- tablets (do not split)
Military vs standard time
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
0000
Know these abbreviations
mcg
mg
g
kg
mL
L
tbsp
oz
PO - by mouth (per oral)
BID - 2 times daily
TID - 3 times a day
QID - 4 times a day
IV - intravenous (in the vein)
PRN - as needed or whenever necessary
PR - per rectum
subcut - subcutaneous (under the skin)
IM - intramuscular (in the muscle)
ID - intradermal
Prohibited abbreviations
U, u
IU
QD, Q,D,, qd, q.d.
QOD, Q.O.D, qod, q.o.d.
MS
MSO4, MGSO4
Trailing 0
Lack of leading 0
U, u - write “unit”
IU - write “International Unit”
QD, Q,D,, qd, q.d. - write “daily”
QOD, Q.O.D., qod, q.o.d. - write “every other day”
MS - write “morphine sulfate”
MSO4, MGSO4 - write “magnesium sulfate”
Trailing 0 - write as a whole
number (ex: 5 instead of 5.0)
Lack of leading 0 - write as a zero decimal then number (ex: 0.8 instead of .8)
How are Parenteral medications are administered?
- by injection
- most common are intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (subcut)
- may be measured in metric, percentage, unit, or mEq dosages
