Exam #1 Study Guide Flashcards
(23 cards)
Different ways in which anatomy can be studied ?
With a naked eye or microscope
Structural organization of the human body? ( atoms to the organism )
Atom, molecule, macromolecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system , organism.
Anatomical position ?
Meaning : Description of any region on part of body in a specific stance.
Describe : The body is upright directly facing the observer with flat feet and directed forward.
Differences between anatomy and physiology ?
Anatomy : Study of body part structure
Physiology : Study of functions and relationships of body parts
Directional terminology
Superior inferior anterior ventral posterior dorsal medial lateral intermediate proximal distal superficial deep
Anterior vs. posterior
Medial vs. lateral
Proximal vs. distal
Requirements for survival?
Air
Water
Food
Sanitation
Difference between negative and positive feed back systems ? How they work?
Positive : The output enhances the original stimulus.
Negative : The output reduces the original effect of the stimulus or changes back to original state.
Different body planes and how they are used to study anatomy?
Midsagittal ( median )
Frontal ( coronal )
Transverse ( horizontal )
They break the body into particular sections making it easier to view and examine a particular region or body part, organ, et.
Dorsal and Ventral body cavities?
Dorsal : Cranial cavity , vertebral cavity
Ventral : Thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
Similarities and differences between acids , bases, and salts?
Similarities : all electrolytes which means a solution of a given substance will conduct electricity.
Differences : acids have low pH levels, bases have high pH levels, salts are neutral.
What the pH scale measures ?
Measures the amount of H ions in a solution resulting in how acidic, basic or neutral a substance is. Ranges from 0-14
The relationship between H and pH?
They both work together to determine rather a solution is basic, acidic or neutral. The higher the H the lower the pH and vise versa.
What is glycogen? It’s use? Where its stored?
Glycogen : Is a polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis.
Used for : Storage of carbohydrates, energy , making Dna and rna , Id system production for cells
Stored : Liver
Three types of triglycerides? Classify them, where they are found, and how they are used?
Saturated : 3 fatty acid tails ( H and C chains )
Monounsaturated : double bond between 2 C in a fatty acid tail
Polyunsaturated : more than one double bond between C atoms
Found : found in your blood, stored in fat cells
Used : energy , protection, vitamins , build cell membrane , store it
Protein structures and classifications ?
Structures : primary , secondary , tertiary, quaternary.
Classifications : structural and functional
Enzymes ? How they work in biochemical reactions ?
Enzyme : substance that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
How is works : When a molecule of the right chemical for the enzyme come along it will fit exactly to its shape and cause a reaction in the active site.
Active site? Why it’s important and how it’s used by a functional protein ?
Active site : a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Importance : this is where specific molecules bind to the enzyme and cause a reaction, anything that changes the shape of the active site stops the enzyme from working.
How it’s used : The shape and size will predict the function of the protein
Why phospholipids are a unique lipid?
Because they contain two fatty acid tails and one head.
Use of carbohydrates in the body?
Provide energy, making dna and rna, glycocalyx production
ATP? Why is it important ?
ATP : biochemical way to store and use energy.
Importance : fuels chemical reactions by breaking bonds and giving cells energy
Phosphorylation? When is it used ?
Phosphorylation : turns proteins and enzymes on and off.
Used for : identifying dramatic change allowing it to turn on and off proteins and enzymes when needed.
Difference between mono, di, and polysaccharide? Examples of each?
Monosaccharide : one unit of sugar
Ex. Glucose, RNA, DNA, Fructose
Disaccharide : group of sugars composed of two monosaccharides linked together
Ex. Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Polysaccharide : composed of numerous monosaccharides combined
Ex. Starch , Glycogen
Regional terms
Facial - brain Pectoral- chest Abdominal- stomach Pubic - pelvis Cranial - head Cervical- neck Cubital - elbow Brachial - arm Thoracic - spin Axillary - armpit Femoral - thigh Vertebral - spin Lumbar - lower back between ribs and pelvis Gluteal - buttocks
