Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of said element.
What is an Element?
An element is a substance that can’t be broken down into substances with different properties; they are composed of ONLY ONE type of atom!
What is a molecule or compound?
A Molecule/compound is a substance having two or more elements, united chemically in a fixed ratio
What elements are common to all life and why?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus. These atoms make up 95% of the body weght of organisms and are essential to the uniqueness f cells and organisms
What are the main components of an atom?
Protons (+), Neutrons (N), Electrons (-)
What does the atomic number represent?
The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom; this is also representative of the number of electrons assuming this atom is electrically neutral
What is the atomic mass representative of?
The atomic mass is the mass of an atom equal t the number of protons plus the number of neutrons within the nucleus
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a bnd in which atoms share one pair of electrons
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is a chemical bond in whih ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges.
What are the properties of a bond?
They occur with electrons in the outer shell
-Bonds resulting in sharing of electrons (covalent) OR the attraction of positive with negative ions (ionic)
What is the stable state of an atom?
A stable state is also known as the non-reactive state and this is a case in which the shells are filled with electrons
-Atoms can gain &/or lose electrons to achieve a stable state
What are the four main properties of water that are beneficial for life?
Water Molecules stick together and to other materials, Water cools & warms slowly, Water dissolves other polar substances, and frozen water is less dense than liquid water
What is an organic molecule?
Organ molecules contain BOTH carbon AND hydrogen
What is cell theory?
One of the major theories of biology that states that all organisms are made up f cells and that cells come only from preexisting cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
There are two types of prokaryotic cells that are bacteria and archaea and they lack a membrane bounded nucleus
What is bacteria?
cytplasm–> plasma membrane –> thousands of ribosomes –>nucleoid (in cytoplasm & contains the cell’s chromosomes) –> Cell wall–> Capsule (sometimes)
What is a plasma membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
What are the four main classes of bio molecules?
Sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids
What are the three main types of sugars?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
What are simple sugars?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides. They’re good for quick energy.
What are complex carbs?
Complex sugars take longer to break down and are a good source of long term energy. They’re stored as glycogen in the liver of animals or starch granules in plants.
What are lipids?
They are large molecules with many hydrocarbons. They function in long-term energy storage, structural components of cells, and hormones for long term signaling (estrogen)
What are the types of lipids?
Fats and oils, triglycerides, saturated & unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids
What are the types of nucleic acids!
DNA & RNA
