Exam 1 Study Guide

Question 1

What is public health?

Answer 1

• Also known as population health
• Groups of people, who may or may not interact with each other but who have common health concerns and needs
• Residents of a specific geographical area, with some trait or attribute in common or who may be at risk for or experience a disproportionate burden of poor health outcomes.
• The attainment of the greatest possible biological, psychological, and social well-being of the total population as an entity and of its individual members; a capability or resource that allows members of the population to pursue goals, develop skills, and grow

Question 2

What is an aggregate?

Answer 2

Subgroup of a population

Example: female doctors in Cleveland

Question 3

2 Different Community Types

Answer 3

1. Phenomenological
2. Geopolitical

Question 4

What is phenomenological?

Answer 4

• Relational
• Community of itnerest/belonging
  
  • Beliefs - religious
  • Solution - MADD
  • Need
  • Academic/professional

Question 5

What is geopolitical?

Answer 5

Territorial bonds and its effects on politics

Question 6

Public Health vs. Primary Care Physician

Answer 6

General health of the community vs. individual health

Public health of an area can influence the education that a primary care physicain may give to that population of patients.

Question 7

What are different types of internventions in public health?

Answer 7

• Education
• Counseling
• Referral
• Role modeling
• Case management
• Coordination/care management
• Collaboration
• Liaison
• Case findings/screening
• Surveillance
• Policy formulation
• Community mobilization
• Coalition building
• Social marketing
• Promoting evidence-based practice

Question 8

How is education an intervention?

Answer 8

Provides clients/populations with information to make informed health-related decisions

Question 9

How is referral an intervention?

Answer 9

Directs clients to resources needed to meet their needs

Question 10

How is counseling an intervention?

Answer 10

Assits clients/populations to choose viable solutions to health problems

Question 11

How is case management an intervention?

Answer 11

Coordinates and selects health care services to meet identified client needs

Question 12

How is coordination/care management an intervention?

Answer 12

Organizes and integrates health care delivery services to best meet population health care needs

Question 13

How is collaboration an intervention?

Answer 13

Engages people in joint decision making with clients/populations, other health care providers, and non-health sectors of society to resolve client/population health problems

Question 14

How is a liaison an intervention?

Answer 14

Facilitates relationships between clients/populations and other health care providers or policy makers

Question 15

How is case finding/screening an intervention?

Answer 15

Identifys individual cases of health problems or the incidence and prevalence of conditions in the population

Question 16

How is surveillance an intervention?

Answer 16

Monitors occurrences and trends in specific health problems within the population

Question 17

How is policy formulation an intervention?

Answer 17

Promotes and assits in the development of social and health care policies that support the health of the population

Question 18

How is community mobilization an intervention?

Answer 18

Assists populations to identify goals and implement strategies to improve health and promote conditions that support health

Question 19

How is coalition building an intervention?

Answer 19

Assists in the creation of alliances of individuals or groups to achieve health-related goals

Question 20

How is social marketing an intervention?

Answer 20

Uses commercial marketing strategies to change public attitudes or behaviors

Question 21

How is promoting evidence-based practice an intervention?

Answer 21

Critically examines scientific evidence to identify and effectively implement strategies that improve population health

Question 22

What is a primary type of intervention?

Answer 22

• Health promotion
  
  • Education
  • Healthy food options
  • Promoting exercise
• Disease prevention
  
  • Getting a vaccine
• Risk reduction

Question 23

What is a secondary form of intervention?

Answer 23

• Resolution - focus on identification and treatment of existing health problems
• Screening
  
  • Mammograms; BRCA screening
  • Blood tests - glucose, lead
  • Scoliosis screening
  • STI screening
  • Blood pressure tests
• Early interventions when there are signs and symptoms

Question 24

What is a tertiary form of intervention?

Answer 24

• Restoration - focus on restoring health status and preventing further deterioration
• Recovery
  
  • Physical therapy
• Chronic illness/disability
  
  • Chemotherapy
  • Preventing illnesses from going further
  • Pain management
  • Lifestyle changes
• Peaceful death
  
  • Palliative care
  • Pain management

Question 25

What are the components of community as partner model?

Answer 25

* Feedback loop * Assessment - analysis - nursing diagnosis - plan - interventions - evaluate - repeat * Assessment - windshield survey, focus group, look at data, interviewing * Analysis - systematic way of looking at the assessment (conclusion) * Implementation - starts in the planning phase

Question 26

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 26

Conditions and resources in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, and worship * Effects overall health and wellbeing, quality of life outcomes, health risks * Influenced by policy and are shaped by the distribution of money, power,and resources at the national, state, and local levels * Include: sex, age, immunity level, smoker, eating habits, compliant with medications, ability to work, quality of schools, quality of air and water, insurance ability to be insured, socioeconomic status, education, access to healthcare transportation options, availability of community resources, social support, natural and physical environment, housing, exposure to toxins, access to health and food resources, community physical barriers * We are all affected by social determinants of health

Question 27

What is the definition of health equity?

Answer 27

When everyone in a community has the ability to achieve the highest level of health possible, regardless of who they are, how much money they have, or where they live

Question 28

What is the definition of health disparities?

Answer 28

Measurable differences in the incidence and prevalence of health conditions, health status, and outcomes between groups

Question 29

What is the definition of health inequities?

Answer 29

Health disparities that are the result of the systemic and unjust distribution of life enhancing resources (social determinants)

Question 30

What are the Health People 2020 Top Ten Health Indicators?

Answer 30

1. Physical activity 2. Overweight and obesity 3. Tobacco use 4. Substance abuse 5. Responsible sexual behavior 6. Mental health 7. Injury and violence 8. Environmental quality 9. Immunizations 10. Access to quality health care