Exam 1 study guide flash cards

Question 1

Which structure defines the borders of the sarcomere?

Answer 1

Z disk

Question 2

Primary contractile unit of skeletal muscle

Answer 2

sarcomere

Question 3

Also known as connectin, provides stucture and elasticity to sarcomere

Answer 3

titin

Question 4

Intermediate filament protein that connects adjacent myofibrils

Answer 4

Desmin

Question 5

Region of the sarcomere that becomes shorter during muscle contraction and longer during relaxation

Answer 5

I band

Question 6

Giant protein that spans half the lenght of the sarcomere

Answer 6

Titin

Question 7

Binds myosin to Z disk

Answer 7

titin

Question 8

Binds calcium ions, initates muscle contraction by triggering a conformationan change

Answer 8

troponin

Question 9

Covers the myosin binding sites on actin in relaxed muscle

Answer 9

tropomyosin

Question 10

Region within the A band where only mysin filaments are present

Answer 10

H zone

Question 11

Protein responsible for pulling actin filaments during muscle contraction

Answer 11

Myosin

Question 12

Central region of the sarcomere where myosin is anchored

Answer 12

M line

Question 13

Structural protein that cross-links actin filaments @ the Z disk

Answer 13

Alpha-Actinin

Question 14

During which developmental stage are the body’s major organs and system developed?

Answer 14

Embryonic Development

Question 15

Supports and binds muscle fibers, plas a role in force transmission and repair.

Answer 15

Basement Membrane

Question 16

Which cells have the potential to fuse with damaged muscle fibers aiding in repair and regeneration?

Answer 16

Satellite cells

Question 17

Which membrane system is responsible for releasing and storing calcium in the muscle cell?

Answer 17

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

Thick filament protein

Answer 18

Myosin

Question 19

Myocyte appearance

Answer 19

Long cylindrical cells with nuclei pushed to the periphery

Question 20

Structure made up of sarcomeres respnsible for muscular contraction

Answer 20

myofibril

Question 21

Process of muscle fibers increasing size after birth

Answer 21

Hypertrophy

Question 22

Extracellular signals that play a role in muscle differentiation

Answer 22

-Growth Factors
-Hormones
-Neuronal Signals

Question 23

What is the final product of differentiated myoblasts during muscle development?

Answer 23

Mature muscle fibers or myotubes

Question 24

Embryonic signaling pathway that plays a vital role in the segmentation of somites

Answer 24

Notch signaling

Question 25

Structure that stabilizes and cuncentrates AChR @ the NMJ

Answer 25

Basement Membrane

Question 26

Where are ACh receptors densely located in a muscle cell?

Answer 26

NMJWh

Question 27

A group of transciption factors which play a crucial role in muscle cell differentiation and development

Answer 27

mrfs Myogenic Regulatory Factors

Question 28

This helps to maintain resing membrane potential by moving 3Na in and 2k out of the cell

Answer 28

Sodium Potassium Pump

Question 29

Which structures in early embryonic development eventually give rise to structures like vertebrae, dermis and skeletal muscle?

Answer 29

Somites

Question 30

Structur in a muscle cell responsible for propagating an actionpotential deep into the muscle fiber?

Answer 30

T tubule

Question 31

Myogenesis

Answer 31

Phase of muscle development where myoblasts become mature muscle fibers

Question 32

Differentiation

Answer 32

Phase where myoblasts exit the cell and begin turning into myocytes

Question 33

Segmentally aligned blocks of mesoderm adjacent to neural tube

Answer 33

Somites

Question 34

Role of Calcium Pump

Answer 34

Return Ca to SR after muscle contraction

Question 35

Primary function of satellite cells

Answer 35

Muscle growth and repair

Question 36

Proliferation

Answer 36

Phase of muscle development where myoblasts rapidly multiply

Question 37

Mesoderm

Answer 37

Embryonic layer which muscle tissue originates from

Question 38

Somite

Answer 38

Structure derived from mesoderm which gives rise to muscle, vertebrae, and dermis

Question 39

MyoD

Answer 39

Myogenic regulatory factor essential for muscle development

Question 40

ACh

Answer 40

Acetylcholine - neurotransmitter released at NMJ which stimulates muscle contraction

Question 41

Na+ /K+ pump

Answer 41

Responsible for returning the membrane to resting potential by moving 3 na out and 2 k in against their respective concentration gradients

Question 42

SR

Answer 42

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stores Ca+ ions in musle

Question 43

Perimysium

Answer 43

Sheath of connective tissue that covers fascicles

Question 44

WnT and SHH

Answer 44

WnT and Sonic Hedgehog: signaling pathways that play a role in muscle differentiation

Question 45

AChE

Answer 45

Acetylcholinesterase - enzyme responsible for breaking down ACh at the NMJ

Question 46

Na+

Answer 46

Calcium, released from SR initiats muscle contraction

Question 47

Epimysium

Answer 47

Connective tissue sheath which covers the entire muscle organ

Question 48

during muscle development what do myocytes fuse to form

Answer 48

Multinucleated myotubes

Question 49

Plasmalemma

Answer 49

Sarcolemma, plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Question 50

Na+ Channel

Answer 50

Voltage gated ion channel which allows Na+ ions to flow into the cell

Question 51

K+ Channel

Answer 51

Potassium channel- repolarizes a cell followinig an action potential by letting potassium out of the cell

Question 52

Which structures are formed from fused myocytes during muscular development?

Answer 52

Multinuclated Muscle Fibers

Question 53

Where are Ca+ channels notably found in muscle cells that paly a role in contraction?

Answer 53

T tubules and SR

Question 54

Channels which allow the passage of negatively charged ions across the membrane

Answer 54

Anion Channels

Question 55

NMJ

Answer 55

Neuromuscular Junction - motor end plate, rich in ACh receptors, site of motor stimulatio of a muslce