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Muscle Physiology > Exam 1 study guide flash cards > Flashcards

Exam 1 study guide flash cards

1
Q

Which structure defines the borders of the sarcomere?

A

Z disk

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2
Q

Primary contractile unit of skeletal muscle

A

sarcomere

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3
Q

Also known as connectin, provides stucture and elasticity to sarcomere

A

titin

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4
Q

Intermediate filament protein that connects adjacent myofibrils

A

Desmin

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5
Q

Region of the sarcomere that becomes shorter during muscle contraction and longer during relaxation

A

I band

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6
Q

Giant protein that spans half the lenght of the sarcomere

A

Titin

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7
Q

Binds myosin to Z disk

A

titin

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8
Q

Binds calcium ions, initates muscle contraction by triggering a conformationan change

A

troponin

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9
Q

Covers the myosin binding sites on actin in relaxed muscle

A

tropomyosin

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10
Q

Region within the A band where only mysin filaments are present

A

H zone

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11
Q

Protein responsible for pulling actin filaments during muscle contraction

A

Myosin

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12
Q

Central region of the sarcomere where myosin is anchored

A

M line

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13
Q

Structural protein that cross-links actin filaments @ the Z disk

A

Alpha-Actinin

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14
Q

During which developmental stage are the body’s major organs and system developed?

A

Embryonic Development

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15
Q

Supports and binds muscle fibers, plas a role in force transmission and repair.

A

Basement Membrane

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16
Q

Which cells have the potential to fuse with damaged muscle fibers aiding in repair and regeneration?

A

Satellite cells

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17
Q

Which membrane system is responsible for releasing and storing calcium in the muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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18
Q

Thick filament protein

A

Myosin

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19
Q

Myocyte appearance

A

Long cylindrical cells with nuclei pushed to the periphery

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20
Q

Structure made up of sarcomeres respnsible for muscular contraction

A

myofibril

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21
Q

Process of muscle fibers increasing size after birth

A

Hypertrophy

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22
Q

Extracellular signals that play a role in muscle differentiation

A

-Growth Factors
-Hormones
-Neuronal Signals

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23
Q

What is the final product of differentiated myoblasts during muscle development?

A

Mature muscle fibers or myotubes

24
Q

Embryonic signaling pathway that plays a vital role in the segmentation of somites

A

Notch signaling

25
Q

Structure that stabilizes and cuncentrates AChR @ the NMJ

A

Basement Membrane

26
Q

Where are ACh receptors densely located in a muscle cell?

A

NMJWh

27
Q

A group of transciption factors which play a crucial role in muscle cell differentiation and development

A

mrfs Myogenic Regulatory Factors

28
Q

This helps to maintain resing membrane potential by moving 3Na in and 2k out of the cell

A

Sodium Potassium Pump

29
Q

Which structures in early embryonic development eventually give rise to structures like vertebrae, dermis and skeletal muscle?

A

Somites

30
Q

Structur in a muscle cell responsible for propagating an actionpotential deep into the muscle fiber?

A

T tubule

31
Q

Myogenesis

A

Phase of muscle development where myoblasts become mature muscle fibers

32
Q

Differentiation

A

Phase where myoblasts exit the cell and begin turning into myocytes

33
Q

Segmentally aligned blocks of mesoderm adjacent to neural tube

A

Somites

34
Q

Role of Calcium Pump

A

Return Ca to SR after muscle contraction

35
Q

Primary function of satellite cells

A

Muscle growth and repair

36
Q

Proliferation

A

Phase of muscle development where myoblasts rapidly multiply

37
Q

Mesoderm

A

Embryonic layer which muscle tissue originates from

38
Q

Somite

A

Structure derived from mesoderm which gives rise to muscle, vertebrae, and dermis

39
Q

MyoD

A

Myogenic regulatory factor essential for muscle development

40
Q

ACh

A

Acetylcholine - neurotransmitter released at NMJ which stimulates muscle contraction

41
Q

Na+ /K+ pump

A

Responsible for returning the membrane to resting potential by moving 3 na out and 2 k in against their respective concentration gradients

42
Q

SR

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stores Ca+ ions in musle

43
Q

Perimysium

A

Sheath of connective tissue that covers fascicles

44
Q

WnT and SHH

A

WnT and Sonic Hedgehog: signaling pathways that play a role in muscle differentiation

45
Q

AChE

A

Acetylcholinesterase - enzyme responsible for breaking down ACh at the NMJ

46
Q

Na+

A

Calcium, released from SR initiats muscle contraction

47
Q

Epimysium

A

Connective tissue sheath which covers the entire muscle organ

48
Q

during muscle development what do myocytes fuse to form

A

Multinucleated myotubes

49
Q

Plasmalemma

A

Sarcolemma, plasma membrane of a muscle cell

50
Q

Na+ Channel

A

Voltage gated ion channel which allows Na+ ions to flow into the cell

51
Q

K+ Channel

A

Potassium channel- repolarizes a cell followinig an action potential by letting potassium out of the cell

52
Q

Which structures are formed from fused myocytes during muscular development?

A

Multinuclated Muscle Fibers

53
Q

Where are Ca+ channels notably found in muscle cells that paly a role in contraction?

A

T tubules and SR

54
Q

Channels which allow the passage of negatively charged ions across the membrane

A

Anion Channels

55
Q

NMJ

A

Neuromuscular Junction - motor end plate, rich in ACh receptors, site of motor stimulatio of a muslce

56
Q
A

Muscle Physiology (3 decks)

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