Exam 1 terms

Question 1

Relates to how smoothly conversation unfolds and is reflected by the time spent in repairing communication breakdowns, the exchange of information and ideas, and the sharing of speaking time.

Answer 1

Conversation fluency

Question 2

An effect of an activity limitation that results in a change in the broader scope of a patient’s life

Answer 2

Participation restriction

Question 3

A statistical procedure that analyzes the transmission of speech features by scoring confusions between test stimuli that are grouped based on the presence or absence of those feature

Answer 3

Information transmission analysis

Question 4

Clinical decision making that is based on a review of the scientific evidence of benefits and costs of alternative forms of diagnosis or treatment, and a critical examination of current and past practices

Answer 4

EBP

Question 5

A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more life activities in the individual

Answer 5

Disability

Question 6

A graphic representation of hearing thresholds as a function of stimulus frequency

Answer 6

Audiogram

Question 7

A change at the level of the person brought about by an impairment at the levels of body structure and function

Answer 7

Activity limitation

Question 8

Speech recognition using auditory and visual cues

Answer 8

Speechreading

Question 9

Categorical properties of phonemes; a phoneme can be described as a bundle of speech features

Answer 9

Speech features

Question 10

A stimulus or response set that contains a fixed number of items, known to the patient

Answer 10

Closed set

Question 11

Testing or training task that does not provide a set of choices to the patient

Answer 11

Open Set

Question 12

In hearing aids, the difference in decibels between the input level of an acoustic signal and the output level

Answer 12

Gain

Question 13

Extent to which a test yields similar results with repeated administration

Answer 13

Reliability

Question 14

Manipulation of various parameters of the signal

Answer 14

Signal processing

Question 15

Microphone that is sensate to sound coming from all directions

Answer 15

Ominidirectional

Question 16

The extent to which a test measures what it is assumed to measure

Answer 16

Validity

Question 17

The difference in sound pressure level (SPL) of a noise, measured at two different location

Answer 17

Noise Reduction

Question 18

A term that describes a person who speaks two languages

Answer 18

Bilingual

Question 19

An assistive listening device in which wires are not necessary to connect the sound source to the listener; including FM and infrared systems

Answer 19

Wireless system

Question 20

The most basic auditory skill level; awareness of when a sound is present and when it is not

Answer 20

Sound Awareness

Question 21

T-coil; induction coil often in a hearing aid that receives electromagnetic signals from a telephone or a loop amplification system

Answer 21

Telecoil

Question 22

Strategies for fitting hearing aids by using a formula to calculate the desired gain and frequency response

Answer 22

Prescription procedures

Question 23

A length of wire surrounding the circumference of a room or table that conducts electrical energy from an amplifier, and thus creates a magnetic field; the current flow from an induction loop can induce the tele coil in a hearing aid to providing amplified sound to the user

Answer 23

Induction loop system

Question 24

A basic auditory skill level in which the listener is able to tell whether two sounds are different or the same

Answer 24

Sound discrimination

Question 25

Physically measurable; in speechreading or auditory training, leads to a measurable result, expected within a particular time persil and/or after a particular lesson, the accomplishment of which represents a milestone toward achieving the corresponding goal

Answer 25

Objective

Question 26

In auditory training a higher level of auditory skill development characterized by an ability to understand spoken message

Answer 26

Comprehension

Question 27

Speech recognition using auditory and visual cues

Answer 27

Speech reading

Question 28

The results toward which training or instruction is directed; it is the desired aim or outcome

Answer 28

Goal

Question 29

In reference to auditory or speechreading training, the ability to label auditory or audiovisual stimuli

Answer 29

Identification

Question 30

Groups of speech sounds that appear identical on the lips; for example, /p, m, b/

Answer 30

Viseme

Question 31

Term used to refer to the physiological changes in the central nervous system that occur as a result of sensory experiences

Answer 31

Plasticity

Question 32

Words that look identical on the mouth

Answer 32

Homophene

Question 33

The process of recognizing speech using only the visual speech signal and other visual cues, such as facial expression

Answer 33

Lip reading

Question 34

Speechreading or auditory training that emphasizes the understanding of meaning and not necessarily the identification and comprehension of every word spoken in an utterance

Answer 34

Synthatic training

Question 35

Speechreading or auditory training that focuses the student's attention on individual speech units

Answer 35

Analytic training

Question 36

What is speech that is spoken in a moderately loud conversational level, and is characterized by precise but not exaggerated articulation, pauses at appropriate linguistic boundaries, and somewhat slowed speaking rate; often used to increase the message recognition of listeners with hearing loss?

Answer 36

Clear Speech

Question 37

A measure indicating how often a particular word occurs during everyday conversation; sometimes referred to as frequency of occurrence

Answer 37

Frequency of Usage

Question 38

A strategy used to facilitate communication; includes means taken to intruct the talker, structure the listening environment, enhancing the structure of the received message, and affect the speech recognition performance of the individual using the strategy

Answer 38

Facilitative Strategy

Question 39

Inappropriate behavioral mechanisms for coping with the difficulties caused in conversation by hearing loss, such as avoidance behavior; they often yield short term benefit in exchange for long term consequences

Answer 39

Maladaptive Strategies

Question 40

A professional who silently repeats a talker's message as it is spoken so that a person with hearing loss may lipread the message

Answer 40

oral interpreter

Question 41

Tactic taken by an individual when he or she has not understood a message presented by a communication partner

Answer 41

receptive repair strategy

Question 42

A conversational occurrence in which communication partners establish a body of information as shared common ground for an ongoing conversational exchange

Answer 42

Grounding???

Question 43

Relating to the perception of movement, position, and tension of body parts

Answer 43

Kinesthetic

Question 44

Tactic taken by an individual when a communication partner has not understood one of his or her messages

Answer 44

Expressive repair strategy

Question 45

A repair strategy used to repair a communication breakdown that does not provide specific instruction to the communication partner about what to do next

Answer 45

nonspecific repair strategy

Question 46

Conversational style used by some persons with hearing loss, characterized by a respect for the rights of others and assuming responsibility for the success of the conversational interaction

Answer 46

Assertive conversational style

Question 47

A condition that is devalued because it deviates from a societal norm and results in a negative status being placed on a person or group of persons

Answer 47

social stigma

Question 48

an example of a structured communication interaction activity

Answer 48

topicon

Question 49

conversational style of some persons who have hearing loss, characterized by withdrawal from conversation, frequent bluffing, and avoidance of social interactions

Answer 49

passive conversational style

Question 50

self monitoring that influences how a person uses communication behaviors and strategies

Answer 50

Reactive

Question 51

Conversational style characteristics of some persons who have hearing loss, characterized by hostility, belligerence, and a bad attitude

Answer 51

aggressive conversational style

Question 52

conversational style in which aggression is expressed in indirect ways

Answer 52

passive agressive conversational style