Exam 1 terms

Question 1

Radiculopathy

Answer 1

Dysfunction of a spinal nerve root

Question 2

Neuropathy

Answer 2

Dysfunction of a peripheral nerve distal to the nerve root

Question 3

Myopathy

Answer 3

Muscle abnormalities

Question 4

Anosmia

Answer 4

complete loss of smell

Question 5

Hyposmia

Answer 5

decreased sense of smell

Question 6

Hyperosmia

Answer 6

increased sense of smell

Question 7

Parosmia

Answer 7

perversion of smell

Question 8

Cacosmia

Answer 8

Disagreeable smell

Question 9

Retrobulbar neuritis

Answer 9

• Involves the optic nerve or tract

- Most common cause of MS

Question 10

Papilledema

Answer 10

• symptom of intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abcesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, and other causes
• blurred/obliteration of physiological cup
• loss of disc margin
• tortuous & engorged veins

Question 11

Optic atrophy

Answer 11

associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white or gray

Question 12

Primary optic atrophy

Answer 12

• involves the optic nerve (not papilledema)
• may be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary
• associated visual loss
• optic disc appears white

Question 13

Secondary optic atrophy

Answer 13

• sequel of papilledema
• may be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure
• optic disc appears gray and ragged

Question 14

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

Answer 14

• ipsilateral blindness and anosmia
• atrophy of optic and olfactory nerve
• contralateral papilledema
• may be caused by tumors at base of frontal lobe

Question 15

Amaurotic familial idiocy (AKA Tay Sachs Disease)

Answer 15

• cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency
• blindness
• optic atrophy
• cherry red spot in place of macula lutea

Question 16

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 16

• reacts only to accommodation

- no reaction to direct or indirect light

Question 17

Holmes-Adie Syndrome

Answer 17

-tonic pupillary reaction with absence of one or more tendon reflexes
(slow/almost imperceivable constriction/dilation - “myotonic”)

Question 18

Heterotropia

Answer 18

Deviation of bilateral eye alignment

Question 19

Exotropia

Answer 19

outward/lateral movement of the eyes

Question 20

Esotropia

Answer 20

inward/medial movement of the eyes

Question 21

Hypertropia

Answer 21

upward movement of the eyes

Question 22

Hypotropia

Answer 22

downward movement of the eyes

Question 23

Nystagmus

Answer 23

Involuntary eye oscillations

Question 24

Signs and symptoms of Horner;s Syndrome

Answer 24

• ptosis
• pupilloconstriction
• Ipsilateral facial anhydrosis (lack of sweating)
• Ipsilateral facial vasodilation
• due to lesions proximal to carotid artery
• distal lesions only cause pupilloconstriction & ptosis

Question 25

Enophthalmos

Answer 25

Inward sinking of the eyeball | can cause "pseudoptosis" of Horner's syndrome

Question 26

Marcus-Gunn Phenomenon

Answer 26

- pupil constricts slightly less than when light was introduced into other eye (apparent pupillodilation) - indicated retinal or C.N. II lesion

Question 27

Optic neuritis

Answer 27

inflammation of the optic nerve

Question 28

Papillitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the optic disc

Question 29

Neuroparalytic neuritis

Answer 29

corneal inflammation and ulceration

Question 30

Trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 30

- C.N. V disorder | - sharp, painful sensation in V1, V2, or V3

Question 31

Stimulation of parasympathetic fibers creates _______ saliva

Answer 31

thin and watery

Question 32

Stimulation of sympathetic fibers creates _______ saliva

Answer 32

thick and turbid

Question 33

Prosopoplegia

Answer 33

peripheral facial paralysis

Question 34

Bells Palsy

Answer 34

- flaccid paralysis of all ipsilateral facial muscles - involves C.N. VII - lesion is peripheral to geniculate ganglion

Question 35

Stroke

Answer 35

- central paralysis - contralateral - forehead spared - eyes partially involved - mouth and neck fully involved

Question 36

Peripheral lesions must be proximal to the ________ to affect taste

Answer 36

stylomastoid foramen

Question 37

Ageusia

Answer 37

complete loss of taste

Question 38

Hypoacusis

Answer 38

decrease or loss of hearing

Question 39

Huyperacusis

Answer 39

increase in intensity of hearing

Question 40

Aphonia

Answer 40

loss of voice

Question 41

Dysarthria

Answer 41

faulty articulation

Question 42

Anarthria

Answer 42

no articulation

Question 43

Dysphagia

Answer 43

faulty swallowing

Question 44

Aphagia

Answer 44

no swallowing

Question 45

Hypernasal

Answer 45

increased air entering into nasal cavity

Question 46

Hyponasal

Answer 46

decreased air entering into nasal cavity

Question 47

Pallanesthesia

Answer 47

loss of vibratory perception

Question 48

Dyssynergia

Answer 48

uncoordinated movement

Question 49

Dysmetria

Answer 49

inaccuracy in measuring movement

Question 50

Somatognosis

Answer 50

ability for the patient to know a body part is his own body part

Question 51

Nosognosis

Answer 51

ability for the patient to know that he is ill

Question 52

Myelopathy

Answer 52

Dysfunction of the spinal cord