Exam 1 Terms

Question 1

Pain in a joint structure

Answer 1

Arthralgia

Question 2

Puncture of a joint space with a needle and removal of fluid

Answer 2

Arthrocentesis

Question 3

Grinding or gnashing of the teeth, usually during sleep

Answer 3

Bruxism

Question 4

Clamping and forcing the teeth together without grinding

Answer 4

clenching

Question 5

cracking or snapping noise in the TMJ joint because of disk and condyle incoordination

Answer 5

clicking

Question 6

grating noise in the TMJ because of damage to the disk and articulating joint surfaces

Answer 6

crepitus

Question 7

abnormal movement

Answer 7

dyskinesia

Question 8

mandible in movement from side to side and forward

Answer 8

excursive movement

Question 9

vibration or movement of a tooth when in function

Answer 9

fremitus

Question 10

enlargement

Answer 10

hypertrophy

Question 11

the maximum intercuspation of the mandibular and maxillary teeth

Answer 11

intercuspal position

Question 12

tooth contact that does not allow the teeth to achieve stable interdigitation

Answer 12

interference

Question 13

mandibular movement away from the midline; the laterotrusive side moves away from the midline in function

Answer 13

laterotrusion

Question 14

mandibular movement toward the midline

Answer 14

mediotrusion

Question 15

relationship of form and function

Answer 15

morphofunction

Question 16

pain in muscle

Answer 16

myalgia

Question 17

inflammation in a muscle

Answer 17

myositis

Question 18

treatment that alters the occlusal contacts or mandibular position of the jaw

Answer 18

occlusal therapy

Question 19

pathologic changes in the oral cavity as a result of occlusal forces; an occlusion producing injury

Answer 19

occlusal trauma

Question 20

a state of morphofunctional harmony in which the forces developed during function are within an adaptive physiologic range

Answer 20

orthofunction

Question 21

movement of the mandible outside the range of function

Answer 21

parafunction

Question 22

an occlusion that is free of disease and dysfunction and has adapted to some physiologic changes

Answer 22

physiologic occlusion

Question 23

the mandible in the end point of the terminal hinge closure; also called centric relation position

Answer 23

retruded contact position

Question 24

involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, usually painful and intering with function

Answer 24

spasm

Question 25

spasm in the masticatory muscles associated with a disturbance in the trigeminal nerve

Answer 25

trismus

Question 26

made when heavy occlusal foces exceed the adaptive range in a normal periodontium, causing injury to tissues and bone

Answer 26

primary traumatic occlusion

Question 27

made when normal occlusal forces exceed the capability of a periodontium that is already affected by periodontal disease

Answer 27

secondary traumatic occlusion

Question 28

an area on a tooth that may prevent well-distributed stable contact between the maxillary and mandibular teeth

Answer 28

supracontact

Question 29

why is it essential to incorporate individualized plaque biofilm control education into periodontal therapy?

Answer 29

because dental biofilm is the causative agent of gingival and periodontal diseases

Question 30

a naturally occuring complex microbial ecosystem that adheres to teeth and oral structures and causes inflammation if left undisturbed

Answer 30

bacterial plaque biofilm

Question 31

to initiate and continue a lifelong process of improved daily plaque biofilm removal

Answer 31

patient motivation

Question 32

proposed the optimum characteristics of toothbrushes

Answer 32

Dr. Charles C Bass

Question 33

this tooth brushing method is widely taught because it provides mechanical plaque biofilm removal at the gingival margin and minimizes gingival trauma

Answer 33

bass technique

Question 34

facilitate the mechanical cleaning of proximal root surfaces and provide improved access into developmental grooves and furcations

Answer 34

interdental brushes

Question 35

interdental stimulation "gingival massage"; it was popular for plaque control until the 1970s

Answer 35

rubber tip stimulators

Question 36

forcing water between the teeth with a single jet or multiple jets ofpulsed beads of water

Answer 36

supragingival irrigation

Question 37

a special soft rubber tip that permits the irrigant to be directed under the gingiva

Answer 37

subgingival irrigation

Question 38

ability to adhere to structures in the oral environmental and be released slowly over time, enhancing the duration of effectiveness

Answer 38

substantivity

Question 39

agents that inhibit the formation of new supragingival calculus

Answer 39

anticalculus agents

Question 40

powered scaling device

Answer 40

ultrasonic instrumentation

Question 41

scaling and root planning

Answer 41

periodontal debridement

Question 42

a preventative procedure to remove local gingival irritants and includes complete calculus removal followed by root planning

Answer 42

prophylaxis

Question 43

proposed by Loesche in 1970s; has increased understanding of periodontal disease and the use of appropriate antimicrobial agents to improve treatment

Answer 43

specific plaque hypothesis

Question 44

root sensitivity; extreme or unexpectedly elevated response to stimuli

Answer 44

dental hypersensitivity

Question 45

generally accepted explanation for root sensitivity; forces stimulate pain responses through open tubules that are filled with fluid

Answer 45

hydrodynamic theory of dental sensitivity

Question 46

eyeglass mounted telescopes

Answer 46

loupes

Question 47

allows subgingival visualization and illumination to the working field at magnifications in the range or 24 to 48 times

Answer 47

endoscope

Question 48

the term used to refer to a lavage, or flushong, of pockets during or after periodontal debridement procedures

Answer 48

irrigation

Question 49

This method is the simplest brushing technique , consisting of placing the bristles on the teeth and moving them back and forth Does not focus cleaning at the gingival margin, and people who vigorously brush this way believe they have done a thorough job, even if the many areas of plaque biofilm have been missed

Answer 49

scrub method

Question 50

This technique involves brushing the teeth the way they grow, down on the upper teeth and up on the lower teeth

Answer 50

roll toothbrushing method

Question 51

This toothbrush method requires placement of the brush at a 45 degree angle to the tooth surface, with the bristle ends pointing away from the gingiva but toward the interproximal surfaces of the teeth recommended the use of metal or wooden toothpicks for interproximal stimulation

Answer 51

charters toothbrushing method

Question 52

This toothbrush method requires to fill the gingival blood vessels with oxygenated blood Requires placement of the bristles pointing apically, but not at right angles to the gingiva, to minimize puncture

Answer 52

stillman toothbrushing method

Question 53

This toothbrushing method is known to be easier to use particularly if they have dexterity problems Causes hydrodynamic shearing forces of water that increase penetration of plaque removal onto the proximal surfaces Designed specifically for access to proximal areas have shaped tips and can readily be applied to both the interproximal surfaces, when there is sufficient space, and the gingival margin

Answer 53

powertooth brush method