Exam 1 - Terms

Question 1

Antiphon

Answer 1

more elaborate plainchant with few melismas

Question 2

church modes

Answer 2

a key based off a certain note of modern-day scale, tonality

Question 3

imitation

Answer 3

repeating motif is sung, in repeating rounds, create chords, individual lines

Question 4

motet

Answer 4

songs based on chant fragments, embellished with new ideas

Question 5

recitative

Answer 5

opera, part that is less musical but moves the plot along

Question 6

antiphony (texture)

Answer 6

varying numbers of choirs/location of choirs to create a new texture

Question 7

counterpoint

Answer 7

beginnings of harmony, written with a figured bass

Question 8

isorhythm

Answer 8

rhythmic patterns repeated with different pitches, mathematical

Question 9

neumes

Answer 9

early form of notation, showed rise and fall of the melody

Question 10

recitation tone

Answer 10

chanted notes with small modulations for breath and phrases

Question 11

aria

Answer 11

opera, more melodious and sung, to express a certain feeling

Question 12

courtly love

Answer 12

chivalry, love for the sake of love with no romantic intentions

Question 13

jongleurs

Answer 13

medieval secular musician

Question 14

troubadours, trouvères

Answer 14

aristocratic poet-musicians

Question 15

opera

Answer 15

drama presented in music, tribute to its collaborative nature

Question 16

ritornello

Answer 16

passage of music that returns to a theme already presented

Question 17

arioso

Answer 17

halfway between an aria and recitative

Question 18

drone

Answer 18

one note held in the background of the melody

Question 19

liturgy

Answer 19

The authority that determined standard practices of a religion

Question 20

organum

Answer 20

early form of polyphony, added counterpoint

Question 21

round

Answer 21

quick turn over of ideas, repeating, staggered, folksy

Question 22

Ars Nova

Answer 22

“new art” formed in the late Medieval times, lead to the Renaissance

Question 23

Estampie

Answer 23

one line piece with repeated stanzas with variations

Question 24

madrigal

Answer 24

very experimental music, more mathematical than musical

Question 25

ornamentation

Answer 25

improv, adding your own fluff to the music

Question 26

sequence (chant)

Answer 26

sequence sung by a soloist, then repeated by the choir

Question 27

Baroque

Answer 27

time period, term applied to large, irregular shaped pearls, over the top

Question 28

figured bass

Answer 28

notation that corresponds to chords based on certain scale, played in the bass

Question 29

Mass Ordinary

Answer 29

everyday mass

Question 30

Mass Proper

Answer 30

the mass that changed day to day, special occasions

Question 31

paraphrase (music)

Answer 31

Using basic idea of a song, change awkward parts, add embellishment

Question 32

syllabic setting

Answer 32

how each syllable was presented

Question 33

cantus firmus

Answer 33

part of the music that was not changed, usually based on a plainchant

Question 34

Pavan

Answer 34

solemn dance of early renaissance, stepping and stopping formally

Question 35

Galliard

Answer 35

faster dance in triple meter, late renaissance

Question 36

trio sonata

Answer 36

written for a bass coninuo, and a duo of instruments

Question 37

canzona

Answer 37

instrumental piece for secular musicians

Question 38

ground bass

Answer 38

bass notes doubled by two instruments

Question 39

melisma

Answer 39

Variations on one syllable

Question 40

plainchant

Answer 40

earliest form of Medieval music, no fixed meter, one note with small variations

Question 41

castrato

Answer 41

member of the choir who was castrated as a boy, so his voice remained high

Question 42

Guidonian hand

Answer 42

uses a hand as a teaching tool for pitches (early solfège)

Question 43

Monody

Answer 43

single soloist with accompaniment

Question 44

polychoral motet

Answer 44

done with multiple choirs, instruments, may have soloists

Question 45

choir schools

Answer 45

schools meant to train boys to sing in the cathedrals

Question 46

homophony

Answer 46

involves one line of interest, combined with chords

Question 47

monophony

Answer 47

only one line of music is sung

Question 48

word painting

Answer 48

singing words by what is inferred by the word (up is sang high)

Question 49

chaconne / ciaconna

Answer 49

form of a sonata, ground becomes chord progression, bass line varies