Exam 1: Unit 1 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Anatomy
The study of body function.
Physiology
The study of body function.
Gross Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Gross anatomy: study of the structures of the organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye.
The Heirarchy of Structural Organization
Chemical Level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Level Organismal Level
Chemical Level
Atoms form molecules
Cellular Level
Cells and their functional subunits.
Tissue Level
A group of cells performing a common function.
Organ Level
A discrete structure made up of more than one tissue.
Organ System Level
Organs working together for a common purpose.
Organismal Level
The result of all simpler levels working in unison.
Integumentary System
- Forms external body covering.
- Protects deeper tissues from injury.
- Synthesizes vitamin D.
- Site of cutaneous receptors.
- (pain, pressure, etc.) and sweat oil glands.
Skeletal System
- Protects and supports body organs.
- Provides a framework for muscles.
- Blood cells formed within bones.
- Stores minerals.
Muscular System
- Allows manipulation of enviornment.
- Locomotion.
- Facial expression.
- Maintains posture.
- Produces heat.
Nervous System
- Fast-acting control system.
* Responds to internal and external changes.
Endocrine System
- Glands secrete hormones that regulate:
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Nutrient use
Cardiovascular System
- Blood vessels transport blood.
- Blood carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- It also carries nutrients and wastes.
- Heart pumps blood through blood vessels.
Lymphatic System/Immunity
- Picks up fluid leaked from blood vesels.
- Disposes of debris in the lymphatic system.
- Houses with white blood cells. (Lymphocytes)
- Mounts attack against foreign substances in the body.
Respiratory System
- Keeps blood supplied with oxygen.
- Removes carbon dioxide.
- Gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in the lungs.
Digstive System
- Breaks down food into absorbable units.
* Indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as feces.
Urinary System
- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes.
* Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid base balance.
Male and Female Reproductive Systems
- Overall function is to produce offspring.
- Testes produce sprem and male sex hormones.
- Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones.
- Mammary glands produce milk.
Scale: Length, Volume, and Weight
- System of measurement in anatomy is the metric system:
- Meter
- Micrometer
- Liter
- Milliliter
- Kilogram
Anatomical Position
- A common visual reference point.
- Person stands erect with their feet together and eyes forward.
- Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body.
Axial Region
- Axis of body - head, neck, and trunk.
