EXAM 1 VOCAB

Question 1

What is a prehensile tail?

Answer 1

A tail with the ability to grasp, acts like a 5th limb

Question 2

What is an opposable thumb?

Answer 2

Thumb movement can operate independently

Question 3

What is anthropology?

Answer 3

The study of humanity, human behavior

Question 4

What is anthropological primatology?

Answer 4

study of nonhuman primates, sub field of Anthro.

Question 5

What are considered captive studies? and what are their advantages/disadvantages?

Answer 5

zoo and laboratories, Advantages: high generalizability (what we find in one area, we can generalize about the other), more typical behavior.Disadvantages: low observability, observer presence, logistical issues (visas, permits), etc.

Question 6

What is binocular vision?

Answer 6

3D vision

Question 7

Stereoscopic vision

Answer 7

depth perception caused by overlapping fields of vision.

Question 8

Neocortex vision

Answer 8

also known as the cerebral cortex; memory, thought, interpretation. 50-80% of brain volume is dedicated to the neocortex. Other mammals have the same size as their brian stem.

Question 9

Dichromatic vision

Answer 9

Sees green and blue

Question 10

Trichromatic vision

Answer 10

Sees green, blue, and red (humans)

Question 11

What are opsins?

Answer 11

Light detectors,color receptors in the cone of the eyes, most mammals only have two types

Question 12

Olfaction

Answer 12

the action or capacity of smelling; the sense of smell

Question 13

What is Tapetum lucidum?

Answer 13

Eye shine (associated with those who can see in the night)

Question 14

Gestation

Answer 14

Pregnancy duration

Question 15

Postorbital bar

Answer 15

Bony ring around eye

Question 16

Postorbital septum

Answer 16

bony plate of the back of the eye orbit

Question 17

Taxonomy

Answer 17

means of ordering biological diversity via a series of commonly accepted names or organisms

Question 18

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 18

developed “Binomial nomenclature” translate “genus & species level” traditional system

Question 19

Cladistics

Answer 19

Analyzes evolutionary relationships using homologous traits that show shared ancestry. Modern Taxonomy system.

Question 20

What is a derived trait?

Answer 20

Traits that were not passed down from a common ancestor

Question 21

Homologous traits

Answer 21

Traits that occur in species b/c they reflect shared ancestry

Question 22

Analogous traits

Answer 22

similar look/ function, but NOT due shared ancestry, instead= evolved independently

Question 23

What does it mean to be diurnal?

Answer 23

To be active during the day

Question 24

What does it mean to be nocturnal?

Answer 24

To be active at night

Question 25

Terrestrial

Answer 25

Primarily locomoting on the ground.

Question 26

Arboreal

Answer 26

Primarily spending time in and locomoting through trees

Question 27

Cathemeral

Answer 27

irregular activity pattern

Question 28

Rhinarium

Answer 28

wet nose

Question 29

Dental comb

Answer 29

a dental structure found in some mammals (Strepsirrhine primates and tarsiers)

Question 30

What is the nocturnal monkey?

Answer 30

The owl monkey,

Question 31

Ischial callosities

Answer 31

Buttpads, used to make sitting on tree branches more comfortable and more easily balanced

Question 32

Sacculated stomachs

Answer 32

Microbial action → break down plant material, 2nd digestive tract in the gut

Question 33

Scapula

Answer 33

Shoulder blades