Exam 1 vocab

Question 1

Sociological Perspective

Answer 1

view of the world that focuses on social patterns rather than individual behaviors.

Question 2

Sociological Imagination

Answer 2

looks at personal troubles in the context of larger of social issues

Question 3

Critical Approach

Answer 3

focus on the sources, nature, and consequences of power relationships.

Question 4

Sociology in medicine

Answer 4

sociologists limit their research to questions about social life that doctors consider useful

Question 5

Sociology of medicine

Answer 5

Sociologist design their research to answer questions of interest to sociologist

Question 6

Epidemic

Answer 6

increase in the numbers affected by disease and 1st appearance of new disease

Question 7

Endemic

Answer 7

disease within the population

Question 8

Pandemics

Answer 8

worldwide epidemics

Question 9

Acute Disease

Answer 9

a disease that doesn’t last long

Question 10

Chronic disease

Answer 10

last several years or more

Question 11

Epidemiological transition

Answer 11

point in a society’s history when deaths from infectious & parasitic diseases fall

Question 12

Life Expectancy

Answer 12

years of living

Question 13

Morbidity

Answer 13

illness

Question 14

Mortality

Answer 14

death

Question 15

Qualitative

Answer 15

In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources of its data.

Question 16

Quantitative

Answer 16

focuses on numerical representations of the research subjects

Question 17

World Health Organization

Answer 17

United Nation org charged w/ documenting health problems & improving world health

Question 18

Social epidemiology

Answer 18

how social behaviors and factors affect the distribution of diseases w/in pop

Question 19

Rate

Answer 19

proportion of a specified population that experiences a given circumstance

Question 20

Raw numbers

Answer 20

unbiased sampling of population

Question 21

Incidence

Answer 21

number of new occurrences of an event w/in pop during specific period

Question 22

Prevalence

Answer 22

total number of cases w/in pop at a specific time

Question 23

Manufacturers of Illness

Answer 23

groups that promote illness-causing behaviors & social conditions

Question 24

medicare

Answer 24

federal health insurance for people over 65

Question 25

Medicaid

Answer 25

govt funded health insurance program for poor person

Question 26

Health Belief Model

Answer 26

Why an individual adopt healthy behaviors 1. they believe they can get the disease 2.Problem is serious 3.They adopt things to prevent them from getting it 4. Nothing stops them from adopting this

Question 27

Health Lifestyle Theory

Answer 27

Why healthy behaviors are and are not adopted 1. demographic circumstances 2. cultural memberships 3. living conditions

Question 28

Cumulative stress burden

Answer 28

sum of acute & chronic stresses that 1 has experienced

Question 29

Social Networks

Answer 29

webs of social relationships that link people

Question 30

Social Class

Answer 30

individuals position w/in society economic & social hierarchy

Question 31

Social Drift Theory

Answer 31

Illness causes poverty

Question 32

Fundamental-cause theory

Answer 32

health inequalities based on SES can be reduced by instituting health interventions that automatically benefit the individuals irrespective of their own resources or behavior

Question 33

Income inequality

Answer 33

gap in income between a nations poorest & wealthiest

Question 34

Cumulative inequality theory

Answer 34

inequality primarily results from social systems, rather than individual choices, and causes health problems that accumulate over time

Question 35

Social capital

Answer 35

resources available to an individual trough his or her social network

Question 36

Structure

Answer 36

social forces that limit the choices individuals realistically can make

Question 37

Agency

Answer 37

individual free will to make choices

Question 38

Race

Answer 38

Socially constructed set of categories that historically tend to be based on physical features such as skin color, hair texture, & facial features

Question 39

Ethnicity

Answer 39

group membership adopted by individuals on the basis of culture & or naturality

Question 40

Hispanic Paradox

Answer 40

Hispanics appear to live longer than white Americans. 1. migration effects, cultural differences, & problems with data 2. misclassification can be added as white or other race

Question 41

Infant mortality

Answer 41

death of an infant before his or her first birthday

Question 42

Maternal Mortality

Answer 42

death of a women during pregnancy or within 1 yr of the end of pregnancy.

Question 43

Environmental racism

Answer 43

disproportionate burden of environmental pollution experienced by ethnic minorities.

Question 44

Feminization of aging

Answer 44

steady rise in the proportion of the population who are female in each older age group

Question 45

Sex

Answer 45

biological categories of male & female to which we are assigned based on our chromosomal structure, genitalia, hormones, secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, so on

Question 46

Gender

Answer 46

social categories of masculine & feminine and to the social expectations regarding masculinity and femininity that we are expected to follow based on our assigned sex

Question 47

Transgender

Answer 47

people whose sense of their own gender doesn't match the physical sex they were assigned at birth

Question 48

Intersex

Answer 48

individuals who are born with physical markers of sex that are neither clear male nor female