Exam 1 Vocab

Question 1

Mind and body are inseparable,

Answer 1

materialism

Question 2

Mind is a blank slate, all knowledge comes from senses

Answer 2

empiricism

Question 3

Study of the relative contributions of an individual’s genetic inheritance and the environment

Answer 3

Behavioral genetics

Question 4

Studies influence of the human species’ past natural history on behavior in the modern environment, similarities across cultures

Answer 4

Evolutionary psychology

Question 5

Basic membrane-bound unit of life

Answer 5

Cells

Question 6

Cell’s basic building materials

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

Part of the cell that holds blueprints (genes) for making proteins

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Segments of chromosomes that provide instructions for making a single protein, identified by location in DNA

Answer 8

Genes

Question 9

Copying RNA into DNA (inside the nucleus)

Answer 9

Transcription

Question 10

Changing RNA into protein (outside the nucleus)

Answer 10

Translation

Question 11

Special genes that can regulate initiation of protein synthesis

Answer 11

Transcription factors

Question 12

Slight variation of a specific gene

Answer 12

Allele

Question 13

The combination of alleles an individual possesses for a particular gene

Answer 13

Genotype

Question 14

Alleles are identical

Answer 14

Homozygous

Question 15

Alleles are different

Answer 15

Heterzygous

Question 16

Observable trait that is produced by the genotype

Answer 16

Phenotype

Question 17

Routinely expressed trait

Answer 17

Dominant

Question 18

Routinely unexpressed trait

Answer 18

Recessive

Question 19

Fatal infant genetic disorder: caused by faulty enzyme that leads to the destruction of brain cells

Answer 19

Tay-Sachs

Question 20

Fatal adult genetic disorder: caused by the creation of a protein that is toxic to brain cells

Answer 20

Huntington’s disease

Question 21

A statistic which estimates the degree to which differences (variation) in a particular trait across a particular population are due to differences in the genetic makeup of the population

Answer 21

Heritability

Question 22

The probability that a pair of individuals both have a given characteristic, given that one of the pair has the characteristic

Answer 22

Concordance rates

Question 23

Tracking a trait through a family tree

Answer 23

Pedigree analysis

Question 24

Physical or behavioral characteristic

Answer 24

Trait

Question 25

A change in DNA (gene) structure that may make a new trait

Answer 25

Genetic mutation

Question 26

The degree to which you can survive and pass your genes on (produce viable offspring)

Answer 26

Fitness

Question 27

Natural selection is a ______________ process

Answer 27

non-random

Question 28

Traits that are distinguishable across the sexes of the same species

Answer 28

Sexual dimorphisms

Question 29

The sexes acquire distinct forms because of either intersexual or intrasexual selection

Answer 29

Sexual selection theory

Question 30

Members of one sex choose mates with particular features

Answer 30

Intersexual selection

Question 31

Members of the other sex compete amongst each other for mates, only those with certain traits succeed in mating

Answer 31

Intrasexual selection

Question 32

The amount of energy parents put into producing and raising offspring

Answer 32

Parental investment

Question 33

Classification of living organisms

Answer 33

Taxonomy

Question 34

Animals are classified by __________

Answer 34

muscles and neurons

Question 35

Chordates are classified by __________

Answer 35

brain and spinal cord

Question 36

Primates are classified by __________

Answer 36

visual control of hands

Question 37

Homo sapiens are classified by ________

Answer 37

complex culture

Question 38

Scientific study of animal behavior (usually in their natural setting)

Answer 38

Ethology

Question 39

6 to 8 MYA

Answer 39

Early humans split from chimps

Question 40

2 MYA

Answer 40

Homo genus evolves

Question 41

200 TYA Homo sapiens reach __________

Answer 41

Anatomical modernity

Question 42

50 TYA

Answer 42

Great leap forward

Question 43

10 TYA

Answer 43

Agricultural revolution

Question 44

Study of social behavior of human groups, differences across cultures

Answer 44

Sociology

Question 45

Imagined ideas, the foundation of technology and culture

Answer 45

Memes

Question 46

Moral tenants cannot be deduced from the natural state of the world

Answer 46

The naturalistic fallacy