Exam 1 Vocab

Question 1

both improvements and declines throughout lifespan

Answer 1

multidirectional development

Question 2

capacity for change

Answer 2

plasticity

Question 3

study of development that involves multiple fields

Answer 3

multidisciplinary

Question 4

period from conception to birth

Answer 4

prenatal

Question 5

period from birth to 18-24 months

Answer 5

infancy

Question 6

period from 3 to 5 years

Answer 6

early childhood

Question 7

period from 6 to 10-11 years

Answer 7

middle and late childhood

Question 8

period from 10-12 to 18-21 years

Answer 8

adolescence

Question 9

period in 20s and 30s

Answer 9

early adulthood

Question 10

period in 40s and 50s

Answer 10

middle adulthood

Question 11

period in 60s to 70s to death

Answer 11

late adulthood

Question 12

four different aspects to measure age

Answer 12

chronological, biological, psychological, and social

Question 13

stage theory where individual is faced with challenges

Answer 13

erikson’s theory

Question 14

stage theory where we organize and group information to adapt to future events (4 stages)

Answer 14

piaget’s theory

Question 15

theory where learning is a reciprocal relationship between caregiver and child, including ZPD

Answer 15

vygotsky’s theory

Question 16

theory that states behavior is repeated based on consequences

Answer 16

skinner’s theory of operant conditioning

Question 17

theory that states learning can be done by observation of others’ behavior

Answer 17

bandura’s theory

Question 18

theory that states development is the combination of many factors represented by an ecological sphere

Answer 18

bronfrenbrenner’s theory

Question 19

area of inexperience that allows for growth with scaffolding

Answer 19

zone of proximal development

Question 20

different groups studied at the same time

Answer 20

cross-sectional design

Question 21

same group studied at different time

Answer 21

longitudinal design

Question 22

combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional design

Answer 22

sequential design

Question 23

conditions not specifically related to genes but have impact

Answer 23

passive gene-environment correlation

Question 24

environments that come to us based on genetic dispositions

Answer 24

evocative gene-environment correlation

Question 25

environments that we intentionally seek based on genetic dispositions

Answer 25

active gene-environment correlation

Question 26

times of three trimesters

Answer 26

1: 0-12 weeks 2: 12-25 weeks 3: 25-38 weeks

Question 27

prenatal period from 0-8 weeks

Answer 27

embryonic period

Question 28

prenatal period from 8-38 weeks

Answer 28

fetal period

Question 29

prenatal diagnostic testing used in standard development

Answer 29

ultrasound sonography, maternal blood screening, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis

Question 30

prenatal diagnostic testing used in abnormal development

Answer 30

chorionic villi sampling, amniocentesis, fetal MRI

Question 31

5 metrics of APGAR scale

Answer 31

heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, skin color, reflex irratability

Question 32

low birth weight for normal term pregnancy

Answer 32

small for gestational age

Question 33

low birth weight due to being born preterm

Answer 33

premature

Question 34

skin to skin contact with baby after birth

Answer 34

kangaroo care

Question 35

pattern of growth from head to feet

Answer 35

cephalocaudal

Question 36

pattern of growth from inside out

Answer 36

proximodistal

Question 37

creation of neurons

Answer 37

neurogenesis

Question 38

process of dendrites extending and seeking signals

Answer 38

arborization

Question 39

creation of a synapse

Answer 39

synaptogenesis

Question 40

disconnection of a neural connection so that it may be rewired for a more efficient and useful connection

Answer 40

synaptic pruning

Question 41

natural decline brought about by increasing age

Answer 41

primary aging (senescence)

Question 42

decline brought about by lifestyle choices

Answer 42

secondary aging

Question 43

muscle mass decline

Answer 43

sarcopenia

Question 44

reflex from 4 to 6 months, becomes voluntary

Answer 44

sucking

Question 45

reflex from birth to 3 weeks, becomes voluntary

Answer 45

rooting

Question 46

reflex from birth to 4 months, related to reaching

Answer 46

tonic neck

Question 47

reflex from birth to 6 months, related to clinging

Answer 47

moro

Question 48

reflex from birth to 3-4 months, becomes voluntary

Answer 48

palmar grasp

Question 49

reflex from birth to 8-12 months, becomes voluntary

Answer 49

babinski/plantar

Question 50

reflex from birth to 2 months

Answer 50

stepping

Question 51

opportunities for the interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform actions

Answer 51

affordances

Question 52

the processing of basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in sense organs and brain

Answer 52

sensation

Question 53

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information about the objects, events, and spatial layout of the world around us

Answer 53

perception

Question 54

familiarization to a certain stimulus or stimuli until a criterion is reached

Answer 54

habituation

Question 55

concurrent, spatially co-located perception of the same information across two or more sensory systems

Answer 55

intersensory redundancy hypothesis

Question 56

can be observed by more than one sense

Answer 56

amodal

Question 57

thickening of the lens of the eye, causing cloudy vision

Answer 57

cataracts

Question 58

damage to the optic nerve due to pressure buildup in the eye, causing damage from outside in

Answer 58

glaucoma

Question 59

deterioration of the macula of the retina, causing visual damage from inside out

Answer 59

macular degredation