Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is albinism?
Albinism is a congenital loss of pigmentation characterized by a generalized lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair.
It causes pale skin, pinkish-purple eyes, and almost white hair from birth.
What is cyanosis?
Cyanosis is a blue discoloration of the skin, nail beds, or mucous membranes due to vasoconstriction or deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels.
Central cyanosis is often due to cardiac or respiratory conditions.
What is erythema?
Erythema is redness of the skin caused by congestion or dilation of superficial blood vessels, signaling circulatory changes.
It can occur with skin injury, sunburn, infection, fever, or inflammation.
What is purpura?
Purpura is bleeding underneath the skin and red pigmentation that does not blanch with pressure.
It may indicate vascular, coagulation, or platelet disorders.
What is jaundice?
Jaundice is a yellow hue to the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes due to excess bilirubin from red blood cell destruction or liver failure.
The best site for evaluation is the sclera or hard palate in darker-skinned people.
What is vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a loss of skin pigmentation often noted on the limbs and may occur in people with darker skin tones.
What are skin lesions?
Skin lesions can be benign, age-related changes like tags, cherry angiomas, or keratosis.
They should be inspected for size, shape, and continuity.
How should skin lesions be measured?
Skin lesions should be measured in terms of breadth, color, consistency, and odor.
What indicates skin malignancy?
Inspection of abnormal skin lesions is crucial for identifying potential malignancy.
Early detection is highly curable.
Pallor
A pale of lighten skin tone, usually uniformly disseminated throughout the skin surface
Petechiae
Primary skin lesion, (tiny dark red spots that include hemorrhage under the skin) warts, poison ivy, insect bite
What is turgor?
Turgor describes the skin’s elasticity or ability to resist deformity after being displaced.
How is skin turgor assessed?
Skin turgor is assessed by grasping a fold of skin on the forearm or over the sternum and gently pinching the fingertips together and then releasing.
What does well-hydrated skin do when assessed for turgor?
Well-hydrated skin lifts easily and returns without delay to its original position.
What indicates poor skin turgor?
When skin turgor is poor, the skin will stay pinched or return to its original state more slowly.
What is edema?
Edema (swelling) is caused by a buildup of fluid in underlying tissues.
What are common causes of edema?
Common causes of edema are localized trauma to an area and impairment of venous return.
How does edematous skin appear?
Edematous skin usually appears stretched and glossy, depending on the amount of fluid and skin elasticity.
What is pitting edema?
Pitting edema is when palpation causes an indentation that persists for some time after the release of pressure.
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle of the brain,
Strabismus
Crossed eye
A disorder in which one or both eye deviate out of the alignment due to muscle weakness or paralysis often outwardly
Ptosis
Abnormal drooping of the eyelid occurs
It can indicate a congenital or acquired weekends in the lavator muscles or can result from paralysis all or portion of the oculomotor cranial nerve 3
Cataracts
Cause the lens of the eye to become cloud and impair vision
Nystagmus
Is rapid, shaking, involuntary movement of the eyelid occurs.
