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Wildlife Conservation > Exam 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Preservationists vs conservationists vs environmentalist vs ecologist

A

Preservationists advocate for some places to exist without human interference

Conservationists want to use natural resources carefully

Environmentalists are concerned about environmental quality

Ecologists are intrested in the relationship between organisms and their environment

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2
Q

Biogeography

A

Where things are located in the world and why

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3
Q

Spacial and temporal homogeneity

A

How places and temp affect genes over time

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4
Q

Concepts used when determining species(3)

A

Morphological-smallest groups that are consistently distinct and distinguishable by ordinary means

Biological-group of interbreeding natural populations that cant mate with other groups

Phylogenetic-based on genetics, smallest diagnosable cluster on phylogenetic tree

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5
Q

Cryptic species

A

One that was misidentified as a specific species and ended up being it own

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6
Q

4 dimensions of biodiversity

A

Genetic, spatial, functional, temporal

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7
Q

Functional redundancy

A

Many species having similar functions /niches

-loss of one could be taken over by other

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8
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Variation of genes of organisms within a species

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9
Q

Genome size

A

Amount of DNA within a nucleus (monoploidy, polyploidy)

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10
Q

Population diversity

A

Based on quantitative and spacial characteristics

Genetic and phenotypic variation

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11
Q

Biogeographic barrier

A

Natural or man made obstacles that prevent movement and mixing of populations

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12
Q

Heterosis

A

Hybrid vigor

When offspring are more fit than parents

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13
Q

Community diversity

A

Variation in groups of populations and species that share an environment

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14
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

A community and the physical environment it occupies at a given time

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15
Q

Spectral signatures

A

Imaging taken from satellite shows light waves coming from Earth

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16
Q

Landscape diversity

A

Referring to a particular area on the spatial scale and and the interactions of biotic and abiotic systems within it

17
Q

Ecoregions

A

Large unit of land or water consisting of a geographically distinct assemblage of species communities and natural conditions

18
Q

Biogeography

A

Distribution of biodiversity over space and time

  • where do species live?
  • why?
19
Q

Biogeographic realms

A

Divisions of earth

20
Q

Endemic species vs local endemic

A

Species unique to a particular area vs species unique to a very small area

  • koala to Australia
  • tortoises to Galapagos
21
Q

Historical biogeography

A

Includes geological history like plate tectonics

22
Q

Ecological biogeography

A

Examines dispersal of organisms

-species are not distributed evenly across the globe

23
Q

High productivity

A

Large creation of biomass

24
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Evolution of many diverse species from one common ancestor

-Galapagos finches

25
Q

Species pool

A

All species within a region

26
Q

Fundamental niche

A

Habitats where species can survive and reproduce

27
Q

Realized niche

A

Habitat in which the species actually lives and reproduces

28
Q

Alpha diversity

A

Species richness in a local area

29
Q

Beta diversity

A

Number of species that exist but are not shared between two habitats

30
Q

Gamma diversity

A

All species that exist in all habitats

31
Q

Biotic integrity

A

Refers to completeness of a biological system and including all elements at appropriate densities
-emphasizes balance

32
Q

Evolutionary significant units

A

Taxa- refers to both species and subgroups (races, varieties, populations)

33
Q

Instrumental value

A

Materialistic usage

-food, clothing, shelter, medicine, fuel

34
Q

Ecosystem services

A

Other than tangible goods, nature provides pollination, composition, removal of pollutants from air, among other things

35
Q

Ecotone

A

Transitional area between biomes

36
Q

Keystone ecosystem

A

Has significantly greater importance to nearby ecosystems

-salt marshes provide critical nutrients and organic matter to adjacent estuary

37
Q

Three mechanisms of higher diversity

A
  • more species = more complex food web and more redundancy
  • highly diverse ecosystem is less likely to be invaded by a new species
  • disease spreads more slowly in area with greater diversity
38
Q

Why are some ecosystems more diverse than others?

A

Wet warm places foster more diverse life

Moderate levels of disturbance clears new area for growth

Heathy amount of predation prevents one species from becoming too abundant

Size of ecosystem

Wildlife Conservation (1 decks)

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