Exam 1: week 1

Question 1

What is the diathesis-stress model

Answer 1

nature AND nurture
diathesis = biology
stress = environmental

mental illness comes from both

Question 2

What is the mental health parity act

Answer 2

1996
act that requires insurance companies to cover mental health in the same degree as physical health

Question 3

Who is the mother of psychiatric nursing

Answer 3

Hildegard Peplau

Question 4

What is the psychoanalytic theory

Answer 4

Freud
mental illness is due to trauma in childhood
talk therapy
free association
levels of awareness
personality structure

Question 5

What are Freud’s levels of awareness

Answer 5

conscious- aware
peconscious- easily retrieved
unconscious- repressed memories

Question 6

What is Freud’s personality structure

Answer 6

Id- selfish
Ego- reasoning
Superego- selfless

Question 7

What is Freud’s theory about anxiety

Answer 7

Anxiety is an inevitable part of life
- defense mechanisms are created by the ego to ward off anxiety

Question 8

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages of development

Answer 8

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

Question 9

What age is the oral stage of development

Answer 9

birth-1 year

Question 10

What age is the anal stage of development

Answer 10

1-3 years

Question 11

What age is the phallic stage of development

Answer 11

3-6 years

Question 12

What age is the latency stage of development

Answer 12

6-11 years

Question 13

What age is the genital stage of development

Answer 13

12 and up

Question 14

What is transference

Answer 14

When a patient puts their feelings about someone in their life on the caregiver
(you remind them of their child so they talk to you like a baby)

Question 15

What is countertransference

Answer 15

When the caregiver puts their feelings about someone in their life on the patient
(your dad is an alcoholic and sucks so you treat your alcoholic patient as if they suck)

Question 16

What is psychodynamic therapy

Answer 16

newer model of psychoanalytic therapy
- more input from therapist
- good for intelligent patients who are ready for change
- focuses more on the present

Question 17

What is the interpersonal theory

Answer 17

harry Stack Sullivan
- personality is behavior observed within interpersonal relationships
- purpose of all behavior is too meet needs and reduce/avoid anxiety

Question 18

Interpersonal therapy is good for treating which mental health issues

Answer 18

Greif/loss
interpersonal disputes
role transitions

Question 19

How is the interpersonal theory used in nursing

Answer 19

Hildegard Peplau
- patient focused
- nurse must be participant and observer (authentic human being)
- application of Sullivan’s theory of anxiety to help patients
- lowering patients’ anxiety improved ability to think and function

Question 20

What is the behavior theory

Answer 20

Behavior is influenced by conditioning (do good, get reward)
- Pavlov (classical conditioning - drooling dogs)
- skinner (operant conditioning - mouse hit lever, get food)
- Watson (classical conditioning in humans - baby afraid of rat)

Question 21

What are the four types of behavioral therapy

Answer 21

modeling
operant conditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy

Question 22

What is the modeling type of behavioral therapy

Answer 22

Therapist provides a role model for the patient
- behavior is learned through imitation and role play

Question 23

What is the operant conditioning type of behavioral therapy

Answer 23

Uses positive reinforcement to modify behavior

Question 24

What is the systematic desensitization type of behavioral therapy

Answer 24

exposes the patient to their fears so they can get over them (exposure therapy)

Question 25

What is aversion therapy

Answer 25

A type of behavioral therapy used when the other types are unsuccessful - rarely used - uses punishment to discourage a behavior

Question 26

What are the two types of cognitive therapies

Answer 26

rational emotive therapy cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 27

What is rational-emotive therapy

Answer 27

Ellis - aims to eliminate irrational beliefs

Question 28

What is cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 28

Beck - identify distorted beliefs - change way of thinking - change behavior - reduce symptoms

Question 29

What is the humanistic theory

Answer 29

Abraham Maslow - humans strive for self actualization - focus less on negative emotions and more on positive emotions

Question 30

What are the steps in Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer 30

(bottom to top) physiological needs safety needs love and belonging esteem self-actualization

Question 31

What are the 8 stages of Erikson's psychosocial development theory

Answer 31

trusts vs. mistrust autonomy vs. shame-doubt initiative vs. guilt industry vs. inferiority identity vs. role confusion intimacy vs. isolation generativity vs. self-absorption integrity vs. despair

Question 32

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the trust vs. mistrust stage

Answer 32

0-1.5 years

Question 33

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the autonomy vs shame-doubt stage

Answer 33

1.5-3 years

Question 34

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the initiative vs. guilt stage

Answer 34

3-6 years

Question 35

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the industry vs. inferiority stage

Answer 35

6-12 years

Question 36

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the identity vs. role confusion stage

Answer 36

12-20 years

Question 37

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the intimacy vs isolation stage

Answer 37

20-35 years

Question 38

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the generativity vs self absorption stage

Answer 38

35-65 years

Question 39

What ages are associated with Erikson's psychosocial development theory at the integrity vs despair stage

Answer 39

65+ years

Question 40

What are the main points of Erikson's ego theory

Answer 40

- eight stages of development - follower of Freud but believed that development continues throughout life - failure at one stage can be rectified at another stage

Question 41

What is the theory of object relations

Answer 41

Margaret Mahler - past relationships influence sense of self and present relationships - early separation from the mother causes issues - psychological birth = when child separates from their mother and becomes an individual

Question 42

What are Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Answer 42

Preconventional level - stage 1 - stage 2 Conventional level - stage 3 - stage 4 Postconventional level - stage 5 - stage 6

Question 43

What are the main points of Gilligan's ethics of care theory

Answer 43

- believed that Kohlberg's theory favored males - women prioritize ethics of care - men prioritize ethics of justice - used Kohlberg's levels of development but focused less on cognition and more on personal development

Question 44

What are Gilligan's levels of development

Answer 44

Preconventional - "I love me" to "I love you" Conventional - "I love you more than me" Postconventional - "I love myself and you"

Question 45

What is Milieu therapy

Answer 45

A psychiatric philosophy that involves a secure environment (people, settings, structure, and emotional climate) to support recovery. Takes naturally occurring events in the environment and uses them as learning opportunities for patients.