Exam 1 Week 2

Question 1

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

Answer 1

Superior epiphyseal plate and Inferior epiphyseal plate

Question 2

What are the ages of appearance and the events occurring at each step in the formation of bone at the superior and inferior surface of the vertebral body?

Answer 2

Ages 7-9 years: Appearance of epiphyseal plate centers of ossification
Age 12 years: Formation of the epiphyseal RING
Age 15 years: Formation of the epiphyseal RIM

Question 3

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

Answer 3

Cervical: Posterolaterally
Thoracic: Posterior, Slightly lateral
Lumbar: Posterior

Question 4

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flauvum?

Answer 4

para-articular process

Question 5

What is the name given to the overlap of Laminae seen on X-Ray?

Answer 5

shingling

Question 6

What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at each region of the spine? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

Answer 6

Cervical: Articular Pillar

Thoracic and Lumbar: Pars Interarticularis

Question 7

What is the generic orientation of the transverse processes and transverse apophysis at each region of the spine? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

Answer 7

Cervical: Anterolateral
Thoracic: Posterolateral
Lumbar: Lateral

Question 8

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

Answer 8

Cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

Question 9

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

Answer 9

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

Question 10

What is the name given to the joint formed by the articular facets of a vertebral couple?

Answer 10

The zygapophysis

Question 11

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 11

The inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

Question 12

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 12

The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

Question 13

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 13

The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 14

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray?

Answer 14

Imbrication

Question 15

What is the orientation of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine?

Answer 15

cervical-slight angle inferiorly
thoracic-noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar-no inferior angle

Question 16

What is the name given to the union of all vertebral formina into an apparent vertical cylinder?

Answer 16

the vertebral canal or spinal canal

Question 17

What neural structures will occupy the vertebral foramen until the level of L2?

Answer 17

the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis, the proximal part of the peripheral nerve system, and the meninges

Question 18

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

Answer 18

Cervical, lumbar, sacrum = triangular

Thoracic = oval

Question 19

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis and the commonly accepted meaning of each.

Answer 19

Dura mater - tough mother, arachnoid mater - spider mother, pia mater - tender or delicate mother

Question 20

Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord spinal medulla/medulla spinalis

Answer 20

Epidural space - between the vertebral foramen and the dura mater
Subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space - between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

Question 21

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?

Answer 21

Anterior spinal canal artery & plexus, anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral veins, recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve, posterior longitudinal ligament, Hoffmann ligament

Question 22

What are the branches of the spinal artery?

Answer 22

Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder arteries, posterior medullary feeder arteries, neural artery

Question 23

What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

Answer 23

A median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

Question 24

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

Answer 24

Posterior distal radicular artery

Question 25

What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

Answer 25

Ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

Question 26

The continuation of the pia mater below the conus medullaris is called?

Answer 26

Filum terminale internum

Question 27

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?

Answer 27

C3-T1, the cervical enlargement | T9-T12, the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement

Question 28

What is a generic cord level of origin - vertebral level combination for the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement?

Answer 28

L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebra; L3, L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra; L5, S1 cord levels in T11 vertebra; S2, S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra

Question 29

What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris?

Answer 29

typically S4, S5, and Co1

Question 30

What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meninges?

Answer 30

Coccygeal medullary vestige

Question 31

What is the name given to the condition where the conus medullaris is located below L1 and the filum terminale is thickened?

Answer 31

Tethered cord syndrome

Question 32

What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen?

Answer 32

The spinal nerve number relates to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple. The rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple. i.e. T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/T4, rib 4 joints with this same vertebral couple

Question 33

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

Answer 33

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

Question 34

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

Answer 34

C5/C6

Question 35

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?

Answer 35

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

Question 36

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

Answer 36

modified diarthrosis sellar

Question 37

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

Answer 37

amphiarthrosis symphysis

Question 38

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 38

ten

Question 39

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

Answer 39

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

Question 40

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 40

the longus colli muscle