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Critical thinking > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of critical thinking

A

A self — directed process in which we take deliberate steps to think at the highest quality of thought

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2
Q

The name of the first text book on critical thinking

A

The advancement of learning

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3
Q

who formed the basis of critical thinking

A

Socrates

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4
Q

who wrote the advancement of learning

A

Francis bacon

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5
Q

When the book was created

A

1633

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6
Q

claims made by____

A

People in authority

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7
Q

people in authority can_____

A

Be deeply confused and irrational

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8
Q

individuals need to_____

A

Seek evidence, examine reasoning and assumptions, analysize basic concepts before accepting ideas

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9
Q

3 levels of quality

A

Lower order thinking, higher order thinking, highest order thinking

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10
Q

How many characteristics of critical thinker are there?

A

9

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11
Q

Clarity

A

To understand one’s meaning

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12
Q

Accuracy

A

to reduce error or contradiction

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13
Q

precision

A

To tackle necessary details

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14
Q

Depth

A

To address the difficulties/external factors that came along

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15
Q

breadth

A

To cover all the necessary perspective

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16
Q

logic

A

To reduce contradictions

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17
Q

significance

A

To refocus on the important details

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18
Q

Fairness

A

To reduce bias

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19
Q

relevance

A

To relate to the right content

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20
Q

S + el + ex

A

State, elaborate, example

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21
Q

critical thinking provide us a _____

A

Checklist to check the logic of the argument or statement

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22
Q

critical thinking help us to____

A

Identify, analyze, evaluate, reason about argument

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23
Q

describe lower order of thinking

A

Thoughts don’t reflect at all, relies on git intuition, self-served and self-deceived, low too mixed skill level

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24
Q

describe higher order thinking

A

Maybe skilled in sophistry, inconsistently fair, selectively reflective, lack of critical thinking vocabulary, high skill level

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25
Q

describe highest order thinking

A

Consistent, consistently fair, use of critical thinking analysis, explicitly reflective, highest skill level

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26
Q

green thinking

A

Spontaneous thinking that is unconsciously guided

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27
Q

green thinking is guided by____

A

Instincts and influenced by environment

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28
Q

green thinking prefer to fall back____

A

To something that they have been doing all years

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29
Q

red thinking

A

Higher order executive functioning, thinking that analyzes, assesses and improves green thinking

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30
Q

why improve red thinking

A

Not to feel guilty afterwards

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31
Q

what means red thinking

A

To stop and think

32
Q

red thinking need to take____

A

Charge if thoughts (self-directed process) and consciously evaluate thoughts (deliberate steps) before making a decision

33
Q

attended information

A

Pay attention in order for information to store

34
Q

how can attention come to judgment

A

People begin to judge, evaluate, categorize and criticize

35
Q

media literacy

A

Is the ability to analyze, access, interpret, and create media (communication) in a variety forms

36
Q

purpose of media

A

To explain, describe, instruct, warn, persuade, entertain, recount

37
Q

media in our life

A

Huge part of our life (source of information, culture and knowledge), effect our thoughts and actions (persuasive blend of words, images and sounds), not anti-media (empowers people as they make decision)

38
Q

types of traditional media

A

Broadcast and print

39
Q

new media

A

Internet

40
Q

sex appeal

A

Use of sexual interest

41
Q

sex appeal elements

A

No clothes, physical contact, eye contact seductive

42
Q

snob appeal

A

Evoke desire in the audience by igniting a sense of superiority

43
Q

snob appeal elements

A

Arrogant (the most…), exclusive, high quality, customized

44
Q

appeal to authority

A

Focus on public figure (icon)

45
Q

appeal to authority elements

A

Name mentioned, the image of public figure

46
Q

plain folks appeal

A

Use of ordinary people

47
Q

plain folks appeal

A

Use of ordinary people

48
Q

Plain folk appeal elements

A

Product and people are ordinary, price range is reasonable, available

49
Q

Bandwagon appeal

A

Peer pressure (you will not be left out following the trend)

50
Q

bandwagon Appeal elements

A

Focus on the majority (words, phrases, percentage that show big group of people)

51
Q

shock appeal

A

Violating norms for stoical values and ideas

52
Q

Shock Appeal elements

A

Images or words that are horrifying/unpleasant, displays fears

53
Q

to perceive

A

To come to realization or understand, to interpret in a particular way

54
Q

Opinion

A

Statement cannot be checked or proven

55
Q

fact

A

Statement can be proven to be true or false as cannot be changed

56
Q

bias

A

Storing opinion about something

57
Q

bias based on___

A

Preconceived prejudice ow wide points rather than evidence

58
Q

intentional bias

A

using bias on purpose to persuade someone (presenting facts that support your position while leaving put points that don’t)

59
Q

unintentional Bias

A

person tries to be accurate but does not have complete information, even of there is no intent to give wrong information

60
Q

reasons for bias

A

Writer has an incomplete info, Writer want to influence or convince you, Writers past experience

61
Q

Generalization

A

A broad statement about group of people or things

62
Q

MAMSANG

A

Most, always, many, sometimes, all, never, generally

63
Q

Generalization cons

A

Made with insufficient information e.a assumptions

Does not give credit to individual references

Risk of over generalization

False stereotypes

64
Q

generalization pros

A

Passed on information

To organize the massive amount of information

Detect lies in a person, making diagnosis

65
Q

reference

A

reasonable or educated guess about what the author does not say based on what they do say

66
Q

Ethics

A

the rules of standards governing the conduct by which you live your life and make decisions

67
Q

Ethics gives us

A

a baseline for understanding the concept of right and wrong

68
Q

ethics act as our

A

Mediator when dealing or coming into contact with other people

69
Q

Ethics are____

A

Passed on to others - we have ability to show others the correct way to react and behave

70
Q

utilitarian perspective

A

Considers consequences or out-comes of an action and seeks to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of those affected by the decision

71
Q

Right perspective

A

Considers entitlements of those affected by the decision

72
Q

Justice perspective

A

Considers the equitable distribution of the benefits and cost resulting from any actions takes

73
Q

The universal consequence

A

consider the consequence of your action

74
Q

The role exchange test

A

empathize with the other person affected

75
Q

The new cases test

A

apply another case of higher difficulty

76
Q

The higher principal test

A

consider another similar principle oh higher or more general nature

Critical thinking (1 decks)

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