EXAM

Question 1

What is a drug used in Huntington’s Disease?

Answer 1

Tetrabenazine

Question 2

What is the MOA of Tetrabenazine and what symptom does it specifically treat?

Answer 2

MOA: blocks VMATs, competitively binds to dopamine receptors in the synapses
Tx: Chorea

Question 3

Carbidopa and Levodopa are used in conjunction to treat which condition?

Answer 3

Parkinson’s disease

Question 4

Describe the MOA of Levodopa and Carbidopa

Answer 4

Levodopa: precursor to dopamine
Carbidopa: Prevents the peripheral breakdown of Levodopa

Question 5

Which class of drugs is used to treat Alzheimers?

Answer 5

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Question 6

Name an Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimers?

Answer 6

Donezepil

Question 7

Name two drugs used to treat ALS

Answer 7

Riluzole and Edaravone

Question 8

Name the MOA of Riluzole and Edaravone

Answer 8

Riluzole: overall MOA is to inhibit excitation
Edaravone: prevents oxidative stress from inducing motor neurone death

Question 9

What class is the drug Memantine and what is it used to treat?

Answer 9

NMDA antagonist

Alzheimers

Question 10

Hypercalcaemia is a result of which condition?

Answer 10

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 11

List three drugs for the treatment of Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 11

Denosumab, Raloxefine, Risedronate

Question 12

List the MOA for Denosumab and its class

Answer 12

MOA: inhibits RANKL -> inhibits resorption
Class: recombinant human monoclonal antibody

Question 13

MOA and Class for Raloxefine

Answer 13

MOA: stimulate osteoblast activity
Class: SERM (acts like estrogen)

Question 14

MOA and Class for Risedronate

Answer 14

MOA: inhibit bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Class: Bisphosphonate

Question 15

List the available Tx for Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 15

Dietary Calcium/ Vitamin D

Question 16

What is the common name given to a Hypothyroidism condition?

Answer 16

Hashimoto’s Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Question 17

List the fast/slow response drugs for Hashimoto’s

Answer 17

Slow: Levothyroxine (T4)
Fast: Liothyronine (T3) -> can’t use long term

Question 18

What is a name given to a hyperthyroidism conditions

Answer 18

Graves disease

Question 19

Name a drug Tx for Graves disease

Answer 19

Carbimazole

Question 20

Name the MOA and Class for Carbimazole

Answer 20

MOA: blocks hormone synthesis, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Class: Thioureylene

Question 21

Which is the first line treatment for Crohn’s disease and name its MOA

Answer 21

Mesalamine

MOA: stops leyukotrine production

Question 22

What is the main Tx option for Ulcerative Colitis and why is it used?

Answer 22

Sulfalazine

The sulphur is cleaved off the drug by colonic bacteria to form the metabolite mesalamine

Question 23

List four drugs as a part of the step-up approach for treating UC and Crohn’s

Answer 23

1. Mesalamine
2. prednisone
3. mecaptopurine
4. infliximab

Question 24

List the main Tx for Type One Diabetes

Answer 24

Recombinant Insulin

Question 25

What is the FIRST LINE treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 25

Lifestyle Tx

Question 26

List two drugs that are used in type 2 diabetes and their class

Answer 26

Metformin - biguanide | Tolbutamide - sulfonylureas

Question 27

What is the MOA of metformin?

Answer 27

increases glucose uptake in the muscle

Question 28

What is the MOA of Tolbutamide?

Answer 28

Stimulate insulin secretion

Question 29

Cushings disease is a result of excess...?

Answer 29

steroid hormone

Question 30

Name a drug Tx for cushings and its MOA

Answer 30

Metyrapone | MOA: inhibits glucocorticoid synthesis by inhibiting 11-Beta hydroxylase

Question 31

What is the treatment for Addisons disease?

Answer 31

replacement mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoids

Question 32

What is the action of oestrogen (HRT)?

Answer 32

inhibits secretion of FSH via negative feedback - it inhibits follicle maturation and ovulation

Question 33

What is the role of progestin (HRT)?

Answer 33

inhibits synthesis of LH and thickens cervical mucous

Question 34

List the two drugs used for emergency contraception

Answer 34

Levonorgestrel and Ulipristal

Question 35

What is the MOA of Levongesterel?

Answer 35

prevents LH surge

Question 36

What is the MOA of Ulipristal?

Answer 36

prevents or delays ovulation (main MOA unknown)

Question 37

Which two drugs are used in combination for the termination of pregnancy and what are their MOAs?

Answer 37

Mifepristone: competitive inhibitor of the progesterone receptor Misopristol: a prostaglandin pill which induces contractions

Question 38

Latrozole and Anastrozole are examples of what?

Answer 38

Aromatase inhibitors

Question 39

What is the MOA of an aromatase inhibitor?

Answer 39

blocks the synthesis of testosterone to oestrogen

Question 40

Which drug can be used to slow breast cancer growth?

Answer 40

Tamoxifen (prevents the gene transcription)

Question 41

Name an injectable drug used to treat erectile dysfunction

Answer 41

Alprostadil

Question 42

What is the MOA of Alprostadil?

Answer 42

Activates the PGE pathway

Question 43

The gel nitroglycerin does what?

Answer 43

converts NO2 to NO

Question 44

Name a tablet used to treat ED

Answer 44

Slidenafil (Viagra)

Question 45

What is the MOA of sildenafil?

Answer 45

inhibits the PDE5 pathways (inhibits an inhibitory pathway)

Question 46

What are the two types of drugs relevant to childbirth?

Answer 46

Tocolytics and oxytocics

Question 47

What type of drug is Salbutamol and what is its MOA?

Answer 47

Tocolytic and a beta adrenergic receptor agonist

Question 48

What type of drug is Misoprostol in relation to childbirth and what is its MOA?

Answer 48

Oxytocic | MOA: prostaglandin receptor agonist (uterine contractions)

Question 49

Name the drug used to treat postpartum haemorrhage

Answer 49

Ergometrine