exam Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
James Garfield (531)
A
President who was assassinated; his assassination caused the civil service reform
2
Q
Jefferson Davis (350)
A
The Confederate’s chosen president
3
Q
Sitting Bull (500-502)
A
after the battle of Little BigHorn fled to Canada
4
Q
Robert E. Lee (391)
A
General in the confederate army, he didn’t want the position but took it when offered, and was actually against slavery.
5
Q
Elisha Otis (475)
A
Developed a safety elevator
6
Q
John Brown (336)
A
He was a New York abolitionist leader who led a raid on Harper’s Ferry and tried to start a slave rebellion by violence, but ultimately failed and was killed. He was also involved in Bleeding Kansas, and part of the problem.
7
Q
W.E.B. Dubois (566)
A
He believed that blacks should demand equality immediately and didn’t want to wait for slow social acceptance; critic of Booker T Washington
8
Q
Sioux Indians (498)
A
Attacked eastern Minnesota, pushed out into the Dakotas by American government
9
Q
Boss Tweed (420)
A
Crime boss who was exposed by political cartoonist Thomas Nast for his illegal activities
10
Q
Clara Barton (378)
A
She was a nurse who helped out in the Civil War by giving soldiers medical supplies they needed to live.
11
Q
Dred Scott (341)
A
A slave who sued for his freedom; Court ruled that slaves were property
12
Q
George McClellan (366)
A
Cautious general that fought for the North during the Civil War; Lincoln fired him and then reinstated him; ran against Lincoln in 1864 & won 45% of the popular vote
13
Q
William Sherman (3
A
Led Union troops on a 250 mile march to the sea and burned Atlanta to the ground, called the Butcher
14
Q
Upton Sinclair (551)
A
He wrote The Jungle
15
Q
Oliver Kelley (535)
A
Organized the Grange- a farmers’ association, taught farmers new farming techniques
16
Q
Chief Joseph (502)
A
Was a chief who led his followers to escape to Canada, but was ultimately caught. Led a group of Indians on a 1,300 mile journey to Canada. He was stopped just short.
17
Q
Susan B. Anthony (527)
A
Favored abolishing slavery, she felt betrayed that women were not include in the 14th amendment, arrested for voting
18
Q
James Buchanan (341)
A
The Democratic president who won the 1856 election and promised to stop the agitation of the slavery issue, by doing literally nothing helpful
19
Q
George Custer (500
A
His force of 250 men were killed by Crazy Horse at the Battle of Little BigHorn
20
Q
Harriet Beecher Stowe (333)
A
Published Uncle Tom’s Cabin
21
Q
Chester Arthur (531)
A
Pursued civil service reform after Garfield’s assassination; wasn’t liked by fellow republicans and won the 1829 election
22
Q
Henry Grady (492)
A
Called for a new south to develop industrialized cities
23
Q
William McKinley (570)
A
Won the presidential election of 1896. Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States when this man was assassinated.
24
Q
Booker T. Washington (522)
A
Discouraged African Americans from demanding immediate recognition of their civil rights; “pull themselves up by their bootstraps”
25
John Rockefeller (444)
Oil tycoon who used horizontal integration to increase profits
26
John Hay (603)
He is responsible for creating the open door policy and opening up trade with China.
27
Samuel Gompers (454)
Labor leader that began the American Federation of Labor
28
Horatio Alger (483)
Wrote about poor characters who succeeded through hard work to achieve the American dream
29
Mark Twain (480)
He satirized American life in his 1873 novel, The Gilded Age and he was an anti-imperialist
30
Grover Cleveland (530)
Gilded Age president with a reputation for integrity, when everyone else around the time was into bribery and stupid decisions.
31
Jacob Riis (551)
A photographer who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses
32
Warren Harding (650-651)(666)
American voters elected this Republican who promised a return to simpler times; known for reducing regulations on businesses put into place by the Progressives
33
John Pershing (638)
the commander of American troops during WWI in Europe, He also chased Pancho Villa prior to the war
34
Emilio Aguinaldo (595)
He was a Filipino nationalist who rebelled against Spanish and American control.
35
Ida Wells (559)
Helped form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), and was against lynching activist
36
Margaret Sanger (558)
Was a nurse and thought mothers should have less children, opened the country’s first birth-control clinic
37
Woodrow Wilson (62
Created the New Freedom Plan, a Democrat, he used moral diplomacy; wanted the U.S. to remain neutral in WWI because of the nation's ethnic diversity
38
Charles Lindbergh (682)
He took the first solo flight from Long Island, New York to Paris, France, he was in a small plane named the Spirit of St. Louis, became a celebrity.
39
Marcus Garvey (691)
A prominent african american leader, back to Africa movement, his organization fell apart after he was deported for mail fraud.
40
Calvin Coolidge (668-669)
Believed that the creation of wealth helped the U.S. as whole; ignored minorities and their problems; experienced a big economy boom during his presidency
41
William Howard Taft (600)
Dollar diplomacy; governor of the Philippines and later became President of the U.S.; restored order in the Philippines by censoring the press
42
Eugene Debs (632)
Leader of the Socialist Party in America
43
William Jennings Bryan (598
the Democratic nominee for president in 1896, had an anti-imperialist view; in favor of “free silver”
44
Alfred Mahan (587)
He wanted a powerful navy
45
Porfirio Diaz (610)
Dictator in Mexico
46
John Muir (572)
Worked with Roosevelt to create Yosemite National Park
47
John Maynard Keynes (708)
He believed that the lack of government interference in the economy lead to the depression
48
Louis Armstrong (692)
Was a trumpet player in the 1920, called the King of Jazz or something like that
49
F. Scott Fitzgerald (686
The writer in The Great Gatsby
50
Ernest Hemingway (687)
Felt betrayed by the american dream, wrote with blunt sentences; powerful, concrete style
51
Cesar Chavez (713)
Labor organizer in the southwest who wanted to help farming families because of his experiences during the Great Depression.
52
Andrew Mellon (666)
President Harding signaled his administration's economic direction when he appointed this man as Secretary of the Treasury; wealthy banker, involved in the teapot scandal.
53
popular sovereignty (326)
The people in a state got to choose if it was a free or a slave state, an unworkable solution
54
total war (386)
involves striking civilians as well as military targets
55
copperheads (375)
Democrats who wanted peace over war
56
protective tariff (438)
A tax that makes imported goods more costly than those made locally
57
Radical Republicans (404)
Advocated full citizenship for african americans, and total punishment for the confederacy,
58
direct primary (554)
election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections
59
scalawags (411
White men who had been locked out of pre-Civil War politics by their wealthier neighbors
60
contraband (368)
Illegal weapons and other articles to fight a war
61
sharecropping problems (416)
When a landowner dictated the crop; they were overcharging the tenants
62
socialism (453)
An economic and political philosophy favoring public control of property and income
63
muckrakers (550)
People who reported on hazardous conditions in factories
64
zoning laws (476)
Separate zones for different things in a city, so house and factories were in separate zones
65
income tax (373)
US government had to pay 3% if you made over $800
66
black codes (407)
Laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans and keep them as landless workers
67
carpetbaggers (411)
Were newcomers from the north that saw opportunities in the south, their bags looked like carpet because they were cheap
68
Republican Party (340)
was formed in 1854, they were anit-slavery, became popular in the south because of millions of new voters
69
referendum (555)
Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature
70
abolitionists (325)
Believed that slavery was morally wrong, wanted it to end.
71
segregation (412)
the separation of the different races
72
poll tax (521)
Required voters to pay tax to vote, usually black people
73
consumption patterns (481)
Most influenced by advertising
74
open-range system (508)
Invented by Mexican cowboys; farmers let their cattle wander freely throughout the country and rounded it all up at the end
75
vaqueros (508)
Mexican cowboys
76
mass culture (481-482)
Household gadgets, toys and food preferences were often the same from house to house
77
Great White Fleet (603)
A fleet of US ships that were made and sent on a trip around the world to showcase their power (Roosevelt)
78
americanization (564
Assimilate them into 'americans',
79
jingoism (593)
Aggressive nationalism
80
creditor nation (651)
Countries owed this country money
81
big stick diplomacy (605)
The diplomacy that Roosevelt used- walk softly and carry a big stick
82
reservationists (644)
They were opped of the treaty as it was written
83
pacifists (630)
People opposed to war for any reason
84
extractive economy (586)
Economies in which countries remove raw materials
85
homesteaders (511)
They lived on the plains and built homes of sod
86
vigilantes (507)
Self-appointed law enforcers
87
assimilate (502-504)
Indians become part of national life by adopting the culture and civilization of whites- this applied to all immigrants too
88
conspicuous consumers (480)
People wanted and bought the many new products on the market
89
extractive economy (586)
Economy in which raw materials are removed by other countries
90
The Jungle (551)
written by Upton sinclaire, Made congress to pass the meat inspection act
91
elevators (475)
Invention that made the building and use of skyscrapers feasible
92
dollar diplomacy (609)
Was created by Taft
93
nativism (468)
which was a belief that native born white Americasn were superior to newcomers
94
bootleggers (678)
sold alcohol to consumers illegally
95
okies (715)
The dust bowl refugees
96
flapper (684)
A symbol of the new women, shorter hair, shorter dresses, and more makeup.
97
speculation (706)
When people bought stocks without actually thinking about it, based on speculation only
98
repatriation (717)
In the southwest many white americans clamored for mexican american
99
trickle-down economics
RFC gave out billions of dollars to big businesses
100
installment buying (664)
A consumer would make a small down payment and then pay off the rest of the debt in monthly payments
101
business cycle (706)
Periodic expansion and contraction of the economy
102
Battle at Petersburg (390-391)
Confederates lost because they had no replacement troops. Lee's retreat led to the fall of the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia.
103
Civil War death totals (394)
623,000 (more than WW1 and WW2 combined)
104
Battle at Antietam (368)
The single bloodiest day of the Civil War
105
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (329)
Citizens had to help with returning slaves if they don't then they can be put in jail or fined
106
Battle at Glorieta Pass (365)
Ended fighting in the south
107
NAACP beginnings (566-567)
The 1908 Springfield riot
108
nursing during the war (378)
Most notable military role for women in the north and south
109
Bleeding Kansas (336)
Popular sovereignty was an unworkable solution, when Kansas was going to enter the Union, it had to be slave or free, and people flocked to the state in an attempt to sway the vote (like John Brown), which led to violence between pro and anti slavery groups, called Bleeding Kansas.
110
Clayton Antitrust Act (578)
Spelled out activities in which businesses could not engage
111
Granger Movement (states) (535)
Helped provide education on new farming techniques and called for the regulation of railroad and grain elevators; used by the midwest
112
Farmers' Alliance (533)
They wanted lower interest rates and established banks and tried to cut down shipping coats so that farmers weren’t scammed.
113
18th Amendment (578)
No more alcohol was to be made or sold in america- prohibition
114
Southern advantages (362)
Produced more cotton, they were fighting for their way of life, fighting in their own territory
115
16th Amendment (577)
made a graduated income tax
116
Chautauqua Circuit (484)
Began as a summer camp for Methodist Sunday school teachers
117
Dred Scott decision (341)
Stated that slaves were the property of their owners, in a court case where Dred Scott was born (taken?) to a free state and spent most of his life there, but wasn’t considered free
118
Dawes Allotment Act (504)
Law that divided land into private family plot
119
NAWSA (559)
The National American Women’s Suffrage Association, the president Carrie Chapman Cat
120
southern landscape after the war (395)
Its landscape was in shambles after the war. Many businesses and farms were destroyed due to battles and total warfare.
121
NCL (558)
National Consumers League
122
Pendleton Civil Service Act (531)
Established a Civil Service Commission, Which wrote a civil service exam so civil servants could be qualified for their positions
123
Niagara Movement (566)
denounced the idea of "gradual progress"; met at Niagara Falls
124
Hepburn Act (571)
Gave the government the power to set and limit shipping costs; gave the ICC stronger powers
125
Civil Rights Act of 1875 (495)
Guaranteed black patrons the right to ride trains and use public facilities
126
ICC (448)
Formed to oversee railroad operations
127
Compromise of 1877 (424)
An agreement that settled the 1876 election in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes, as long as northern troops were removed from the southern states.Johnson's impeachment (407)
128
Johnson's impeachment (407)
Johnson tried to remove the Secretary of War even after a bill was passed saying that he couldn’t do that, then the House of Representatives tried to impeach him, but it lost by one vote. After this he stopped trying sketchy things.
129
Fourteen Points(641)
Main objective was to not to humiliate the Central Powers after their defeat
130
Square Deal (570)
Wanted the wealthy and powerful to not take advantage from others
131
The Great Migration (634)
African Americans left the south with a dream of a better future; WW1 contributed by opening job opportunities in the north
132
The Teller Amendment (594)
America could not annexation of Cuba
133
NAACP (formation) (566-567)
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
134
Formation of Rep. Party (340)
Formed in 1854 to oppose slavery
135
The Scopes Trial (672)
A clash between religion and science
136
21st Amendment (678)
Allowed alcohol again
137
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (707)
Raised the tariffs on imported foreign goods, so that Americans would buy American goods in an attempt to help the economy after the Depression started.
138
Dust bowl (715)
A huge dust storm; farmers lost farms, contributed to the problem with new types of farming techniques that removed protective grasses; most migrants ended up in urban areas
139
The Jazz Singer (680)
The first movie with sound
140
Dawes Plan (670)
A plan for Germany to pay back war reparations
141
Harlem Renaissance (693)
Was an outpouring of African american culture
142
Volstead Act (677)
This officially enforced the 18th Amendment (prohibition)
143
Selective Service Act (628)
Authorized a draft of young men for military service in Europe during WW1
144
Red Scare (649)
A wave of widespread fear suspected communists and radicals thought to be plotting revolution within the US
145
Roosevelt Corollary (607)
U.S. should assume the role of police in Latin America
146
1920's farm incomes (660)
Decreased rapidly due to debt and dying economy
147
Farmers contributions to the Dust Bowl (715)
New farming methods made drought conditions worse by removing the top protective layer of grass
148
Purpose of volunteerism (720)
Called for public works programs
149
Banks at the start of the Great Depression (706)
Failed because too many depositors tried to withdraw their money all at once
150
National leaders avoiding war (670)
They avoided other countries
151
America's economy after WWI (660)
It was a small recession and then it boomed into roaring twenties
152
New Orleans (364)
birthplace of jazz
153
Chicago (478)
Ravaged by a disastrous fire in 1871, also one of the places African Americans migrated to
154
Angel Island (467)
Island by California where the Chinese immigrants were processed; much slower and worse than Ellis Island, often had people in there for weeks or months.
155
Vicksburg (380)
Confederacy stronghold that was hard for the Union to capture because it was hard to attack, towered over the Mississippi River
156
Galveston (554)
in 1900 a massive hurricane left the city of Galveston Texas and ruins
157
Hawaii (591)
Sugar cain and pineapple were both found in Hawaii: Queen Liliuokalani was the last monarch; Congress passed the annexation of Hawaii in 1898
158
Ellis Island (466)
Island by New York where the European immigrants were processed; much faster and easier than Angel Island (CA), checked for diseases and criminal records
159
California (568)
Gasoline was discovered here, movies were filmed here, many Mexican migrated here to find work on ranches the first gold rush happened here, and there were many Asian immigrants,
160
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory (553)
Fire that killed workers because the exits were locked; resulted in the formation of worker compensation laws, which paid workers hurt on the job
161
Midwestern cities (472)
Many people migrated here for more opportunities from the south; most were located near water
162
Panama Canal Zone (606)
The US sent troops for Panamanian rebels fighting against Colombia to get access to the Panama Canal so it could be built without paying Columbia at a lower price
163
Ft. Sumter (353)
The first battle of the Civil War
164
Hoovervilles (712)
Homeless people lived in these make ship towns during the great depression
165
Harriet Tubman
Maryland born slave that was a key figure for the underground railroad; “Black Moses”
