exam

Question 1

what’s another word for mitigation for climate change?

Answer 1

reduce

Question 2

what are the 3 modes of vehicle transmission?

Answer 2

airborne (dust)
waterborne
foodborne

Question 3

what are 6 health inequalities in Australia?

Answer 3

social gradients
life expectancy gap
incarceration rates
children
rural vs. metropolitan
public vs. private health care

Question 4

what are 5 population indicators of vulnerable populations?

Answer 4

health status
mortality
disability
social health
mental health

Question 5

what is miasma?

Answer 5

abandoned medical theory.
“bad air”/ “night air”
epidemics caused by miasma from rotting organic matter

Question 6

are communicable disease transmitted directly or indirectly?

Answer 6

both

Question 7

what is assessment in public health?

Answer 7

systematically collect, analyse, & make available information on healthy communities

Question 8

what is the impact of globalisation?

Answer 8

increased connectedness
interdependence of people & country

Question 9

what is secondary health care?

Answer 9

specialist of a facility, usually referral from primary, specific or complex diagnosis or health condition

Question 10

what is assurance in public health?

Answer 10

ensure provision of services to those in need

Question 11

what is unconscious bias?

Answer 11

social stereotypes about certain groups outside of an individuals conscious awareness

Question 12

what is health literacy?

Answer 12

ability of a person to understand health info req. for them to successfully make use of all aspects of the health system

Question 13

what are 3 ways nurses/midwives can facilitate adaption to climate change?

Answer 13

public education
preventative programs
deliver healthcare

Question 14

what is tertiary health care?

Answer 14

specialised care provided by specialised healthcare professionals, generally in a clinical setting

Question 15

what is health promotion?

Answer 15

process of enabling people to increase control over, & to improve their health

Question 16

what is the relationship between climate change & human health?

Answer 16

climate change undermines the environmental determinants of health

Question 17

what are 5 challenges in the Australian health care system?

Answer 17

increasing age > increase demand
increasing rates of chronic disease
cost of research & innovations
best use of emerging health technologies
better use of health data

Question 18

is public health preventative or curative?

Answer 18

preventative

Question 19

what are downstream approaches to health promotion?

Answer 19

focus on providing equitable access to care & services to mitigate negative impacts of disadvantage on health

Question 20

why do vulnerable populations experience poorer health outcomes?

Answer 20

greater risk of health inequality

Question 21

what 4 things make a culturally competent healthcare setting?

Answer 21

culturally diverse staff (reflects community)
interpreter services
cultural competence training
signage in various languages

Question 22

what is biological vector transmission?

Answer 22

multiply inside their bodies > usually transferred through biting

Question 23

what are the 3 elements of the biomedical model of health promotion?

Answer 23

risky behaviours
healthy lifestyle
health education

Question 24

what are the 2 modes of vector transmission?

Answer 24

mechanical
biological

Question 25

what are 4 impacts of globalisation of human health (disease/trade)?

Answer 25

-ve: increase disease trade +ve: increased access to health-enhancing goods trade -ve: increased access to health damaging goods trade -ve: exploitation (child/slave labour)

Question 26

does public health focus on the population or the individual?

Answer 26

population

Question 27

what is cultural awareness?

Answer 27

observing & being conscious of similarities & contrast between cultural groups

Question 28

what is cultural competence?

Answer 28

set of behaviours, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals to enable effect cross-cultural care

Question 29

what are the social determinants of health?

Answer 29

conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live & age

Question 30

what is mechanical vector transmission?

Answer 30

outside of their bodies, physical contact

Question 31

what are 7 current challenges to public health?

Answer 31

poverty food water sanitation education inequality climate change

Question 32

what are the 3 modes of transmission for infectious disease?

Answer 32

contact vehicle vector

Question 33

what is race?

Answer 33

physical features that a group may have in common, considered a social construct

Question 34

what are the 3 elements of social/ecological model of health promotion?

Answer 34

broader determinants of health reduce social inequities empowers individuals/communities

Question 35

what is primary health care?

Answer 35

individuals first contact with health system, basic, first-line care

Question 36

are communicable diseases caused by a specific infectious agent?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

what is culture?

Answer 37

customary beliefs, social forms, & traits of a racial, religious or social group

Question 38

what are the 3 requirements of population screening programs?

Answer 38

important health condition recognisable early symptomatic stage history of condition is understood

Question 39

what are 10 areas where nurses can integrate sustainability?

Answer 39

leadership chemicals waste energy water transportation food pharmaceuticals buildings purchasing

Question 40

what is secondary prevention in health promotion?

Answer 40

interrupts, prevents, minimises progress of a disease/disorder at an early stage

Question 41

what is primary prevention in health promotion?

Answer 41

reduces likelihood of developing disease/disorder

Question 42

what is the behavioural model of health promotion?

Answer 42

modification of behaviour

Question 43

what are the 4 modes of contact transmission?

Answer 43

direct indirect droplet airborne (inspiration/aerosolisation)

Question 44

what are 7 major public health achievements in the past century (20th century)?

Answer 44

decline in deaths from coronary heart disease & stoke recognition of tobacco use as health hazard vaccination motor-vehicle safety safer workplaces control of infectious diseases fluoridation of drinking water

Question 45

what are the 7 stages in the evolution of public health?

Answer 45

miasma bacteriological health resources social engineering old public health new public health/health promotion ecological public health

Question 46

what is policy in public health?

Answer 46

promote the use of a scientific knowledge base in policy & decision making

Question 47

what are the 5 components of screening program in Australia?

Answer 47

recruitment screening assessment diagnosis outcome

Question 48

what are the 4 healthcare providers in the Australian health system?

Answer 48

primary care services (GPs) medical specialists allied health workers nurses/midwives

Question 49

what is the transmission of a communicable disease?

Answer 49

infectious agent or its toxic products from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host

Question 50

what does sensitivity measure in screening programs?

Answer 50

how often a test correctly produces a positive result for people who have the condition

Question 51

what are 4 roles nurses/midwives have in policy development for health promotion?

Answer 51

advocates for health understand impact of poor health involved in preventative care understand importance of care regardless of income/background

Question 52

what is ethnicity?

Answer 52

ethnic quality or affiliation

Question 53

what are 6 interventions for communicable/infectious disease?

Answer 53

remove agent control reservoir physically prevent transmission from reservoir isolate/quarantine prevent infection in new host contact tracing

Question 54

what is specificity measure in screen programs?

Answer 54

test's ability to correctly produce a negative result for people who don't have the condition

Question 55

what are 4 major disease conditions?

Answer 55

cardiovascular diabetes cancers chronic respiratory diseases

Question 56

what are health inequities?

Answer 56

unfair systematic differences in health status & outcomes or in the distribution of health resources

Question 57

what are health inequalities?

Answer 57

unfair distribution of resources

Question 58

what is tertiary prevention in health promotion?

Answer 58

halts progression of damage already done

Question 59

what is public health

Answer 59

art & science concerned w/ promoting health, preventing disease & prolonging life for everyone, everywhere, at every stage of life

Question 60

what are the 3 core functions of public health?

Answer 60

assessment policy assurance

Question 61

what are upstream approaches to health promotion?

Answer 61

improving fundamental social & economical structures to decrease barriers/improve supports which allow people to achieve full potential health

Question 62

what's another word for adaption to climate change?

Answer 62

prepare

Question 63

can different population groups avoid health inequities due to their social determinants of health?

Answer 63

yes

Question 64

what are 4 ways nurses/midwives reduce barriers to health services for vulnerable populations?

Answer 64

educate yourself active listener culturally competent practitioner advocate for change in organisational & system policy when needed