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1
Q

Geography

A

a subject that brings a variety of perspectives together. They are both social and physical with regards to the study of people, places, and environments

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2
Q

Map

A

shows areas of a region and sometimes in much or little detail

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3
Q

Gross Domestic Product

A

the value of all goods and services produced in a country or region in a year divided by the population

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4
Q

Map Projection

A

a method used to show earth or a celestial sphere on a plane surface

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5
Q

Developing Country

A

a country seeking to become more economically and socially advanced (e.g. Madagascar, Bolivia)

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6
Q

Seismologists

A

earth scientists (they study geological features that happen on earth - e.g. seismic waves)

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7
Q

Bedrock

A

solid rock under the earth’s crust

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8
Q

Climate

A

condition in the atmosphere over a long period of time

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8
Q

General Purpose Map

A

a map that can be used for anything which shows both human-made and natural things - an atlas, roadmap, etc

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9
Q

Newly Industrialised Country

A

a country with its social and economic status between developing and developed countries

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10
Q

Scale

A

compares the distance between points on the map with the distance between said points on earth

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11
Q

Faulting

A

the movement of rock

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12
Q

Folding

A

the bending of rock

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13
Q

Erosion

A

the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water

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14
Q

Rural Area

A

an open area of land with very few homes and building and not very many people

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15
Q

Urban Area

A

the region surrounding a city

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16
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms from deposits accumulated on the earth’s surface. sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding

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17
Q

Mammals

A

humans and all other animals that are warm-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) with hair. they feed their young with milk and have a more well-developed brain than other types of animals

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18
Q

Assimilation

A

one culture group adopts the language/values/traditions of the dominant culture

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19
Q

Cultural Mosaic

A

a mix of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures that coexist within a society

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20
Q

Manufacturing

A

processing of raw materials into a more finished state

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21
Q

Immigrant

A

a person who moves to a new country with the intentions of settling there

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22
Q

False Colours

A

colours that are added artificially to make patterns more obvious - most used for weather

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23
Q

Magnitude

A

the amount of energy released during an earthquake

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24
Topographic Map
shows a small area of the earth’s surface in great detail
25
Remote Sensing
the technology used to study the earth
26
Pull Factors
positive factors that attract people to new areas from other areas
27
Carbon Fixation
the process by which plants assimilate carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form metabolically active compounds
28
Push Factors
something that encourages an individual to migrate away from a certain place
29
Hierarchy of Urban Services
a ranking/tier of services
30
Natural Vegetation
vegetation made naturally with no influences of people
31
Technology
advances in science which provides faster and easier ways of doing things
32
Continental Climate
interior land masses away from lakes and oceans
33
Maritime Climate
coastal locations where the temperature range in small and level of precipitation is higher
33
Basic Industry
industry that sells its products outside the community bringing money into the community
34
Non Basic Industry
industry that sells its products within the community
35
Renewable Resource
a resource of which there is an endless supply as long as it is well managed because it can be replenished
36
Grand Banks
a very shallow area of land that provides feeding and spawning grounds for fish less than 150m deep
37
Emigrant
a person who leaves their country of origin to live permanently in another country
38
Global Village
technological improvements are making communications throughout the world as easy as they would be in a small village
39
Prevailing Wind
a well established wind pattern - Canada’s is west to east
40
Clear Cutting
all the trees in an area are cut
40
Imports
a good or service bought in one country but produced in another
41
Selective Cutting
only trees of a certain size/quality/type are cut
42
Shelterwood Logging
70% of the trees in an area are cut and small patches of old growth are left in order to provide seeds
42
Tornado
a vortex of warm air rising into a cloud - this rising air fuels the thunderstorm
43
Primary Industry
industry that deals with the production of primary products such as minerals that are mined or agricultural products that are harvested in their natural state
44
Secondary Industry
industry that deals with manufacturing or construction
45
Plankton
small microscopic organisms that smaller fish feed on that are made by sunlight beaming on the ocean
46
Biomass
plant material, vegetation, human or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy source - burned to produce heat or electricity
47
Weather
the conditions in an atmosphere over a short period of time
48
International Date Line
a line on the earth at 180° longitude
49
Prime Meridian
the earth’s 0° of longitude which passes through Greenwich, England
50
Solar Energy
heat from the sun is converted to electricity through photovoltaic cells
51
Air Mass
a large body of air with generally uniform temperature and humidity
51
Tertiary Industry
service industry that supports primary and secondary industries and society in general
52
Air Pressure
the weight of air molecules pressing down on the earth
53
Greenhouse Effect
the process through which heat is trapped near Earth's surface by substances known as 'greenhouse gases'
54
Developed Country
countries at the highest social and economic level (e.g. America, Canada)
55
Coniferous Trees
trees with needles
56
Natural Increase Rate
the difference between the number live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year
57
Temperature Range
subtraction from the coldest monthly temperature from the warmest monthly temperature
58
Richter Scale
measurement of the strength of earthquakes
59
Thematic Map
information on a particular topic
60
What are Canada's different time-zones and their main cities?
PST - Pacific Standard Time - Victoria, Vancouver MST - Mountain Standard Time - Calgary, Edmonton CST - Central Standard Time - Regina, Winnipeg EST - Eastern Standard Time - Toronto, Quebec City, Ottawa, Montreal AST - Atlantic Standard Time - Fredericton, Halifax, Charlottetown
61
Relief/Orographic Precipitation
Warm moist air blows in from the Pacific Ocean Air rises as it crosses an area of higher elevation (the rate of evaporation decreases) Precipitation occurs on the windward side of the mountain (side closest to Ocean) Air descends down the leeward side (opposite to windward) and becomes warmer, more evaporation takes place, which results in a dry climate or rain shadow on the leeward side
62
Convectional Precipitation
Sun heats the ground and the air above it starts to rise As air rises the process of evaporation occurs Rising air expands and cools and water within it condenses to form white puffy clouds As condensation is continuous, clouds become darker (cumulonimbus clouds) and water droplets get larger and begin to form precipitation
63
Frontal/Cyclonic Precipitation
Air masses that are different in temperature and moisture do not mix well A front-leading edge begins to form depending on if its cold or hot - if it is cold the front is a cold front and vice versa A cyclonic storm happens when a cold air mass and warm air mass collide creating a low pressure system (usually occurs under a polar front jet stream) Warm air moves inward toward the centre of the low pressure system and causes the air to rise and create precipitation (rises because warm air is less dense than colder dense air)
64
Process of Wind
Heating the ground by the sun warms the air above it and causes the air to rise - producing a low pressure system Air cools and sinks - produces a high pressure system Air at ground level moves from a high pressure system to a low pressure system thus creating wind
65
Canadian Shield
6 natural resources found (coal, lumber, agriculture, etc) and soil is very fertile in parts of the shield
66
Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands
the second smallest landform region and excellent soil with a warm climate
67
Hudson Bay Arctic Lowlands
harsh climate does not permit farming, flat low area covered by swampy forest
68
Interior Plains
part of the great plains of North America that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico
69
Appalachian Mountains
oldest highland region in Canada - formed about 300 million years ago
70
Western Cordillera
the valleys run north-south which makes east-west transportation difficult, mountain range was caused by the collision of the North American and Pacific plates
71
Innuitian Mountains
contains igneous and metamorphic rock but is mainly composed of sedimentary rock
72
Basic Features of a Map
Title - the area shown and purpose Scale - compares the distance on the map to the distance on earth Borders Legend - explains the meaning behind symbols Date of Publication Directions - arrows, symbols, latitude and longitude, etc

g e o g r a p h y - Galli (4 decks)

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