Exam Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
the graphic representation of the scene of the crime with complete measurements of the relative distances between items or objects.
A
SKETCH
2
Q
It includes scales with important dimensions at the scene being shown to a good degree of accuracy.
A
SKETCH
3
Q
excellent companion to photograph. Where photographs provide exact details, sketches offer accurate information about the placement of objects and they show relationship and distances between things
A
SKETCH
4
Q
Kinds of Sketches
A
- Sketch of Locality / Neighborhood Sketch
- Sketch of Grounds / Ground Sketch
- Floor Plan
- Elevation Sketch
- Cross Projection / Exploded View / Bird’s Eye View
5
Q
-deals with the vicinity of the crime scene in relation to the environment like neighboring buildings, structures,or means of access leading to the scene.
A
- Sketch of Locality / Neighborhood Sketch
6
Q
This kind of sketch is applied in conflagrations and suspected arson cases where the origin of the fire and how it spread can be indicated.
A
Sketch of Locality / Neighborhood Sketch
7
Q
-illustrates the scene of the crime with the nearest physical surroundings such the yard and other natural structures
A
Sketch of Grounds / Ground Sketch
8
Q
-illustrates the scene of the crime with the nearest physical surroundings such as rooms
adjacent or opposite of the scene, the number of floors of a building or house.
A
Floor Plan
9
Q
-layout of the scene as seen from above
A
Floor Plan
10
Q
a layout of the scene vertically as seen from a side
A
Elevation sketch
11
Q
- a layout as though the room was unfolded box
A
Cross Projection / Exploded View / Bird’s Eye View
12
Q
most useful if pieces of evidence are found on the floor, walls and ceilings
A
Cross Projection / Exploded View / Bird’s Eye View
13
Q
TYPES OF SKETCHES
A
- Rough sketch
- Final/ Finished Sketch
14
Q
-prepared indicating the actual measurement of things with a scale and proportion observed and oriented to the North Pole
A
Rough sketch
15
Q
-made by the investigator at the crime scene
-used as the basis for the finished sketch
-not drawn to scale
A
Rough sketch
16
Q
- drawn to scale
A
FINAL/FINISHED SKETCH
17
Q
Sketching Materials (7)
A
Paper
Pencil
Measuring Tape
Ruler
Clipboard
Eraser
Compass
18
Q
PARTS OF SKETCH (11)
A
SOCO Report/Case Number • Body
• Compass Direction
• Nature of the Case
• Location of Incident
• Date and time sketched • Name of Victim
• Name of suspect
Legend
Signatory
Weather condition
19
Q
- It contains the SOCO case number used ni that particular crime.
A
SOCO Report Number
20
Q
it refers to the sketch proper to include the position of the victim and other items in the crime scene. it includes proper measurements of distances between objects in the scene.
A
Body
21
Q
- A standard arrow to indicate the North direction. To find the north without a compass, determine the east where the sun rises. Facing east, your LEFT SIDE is the North direction.
A
Compass Direction
22
Q
- It refers to the crime committed or the incident that happened such as alleged homicide. drowning. rape, otc.
A
Nature of the Case
23
Q
- It refers to the place where the incident happened.
A
Location of Incident
24
Q
- it refers to the time when the sketch was made &time and date of the incident.
A
Date & Time Sketched
25
- This is usually placed at the botom of sketch outside the sketch of the scene. Numbers or letters represent the objects ni the crime scene. This is usually based on the tags or evidence number given to the pieces of evidence ni the crime scene. The descriptions of the objects are found in the legend.
Legend
26
- It is the part of the sketch where the name of the sketcher, the team leader or the officer-in- charge, and two witnesses are written and signed.
Signatory
27
- This refers ot the condition of the weather during the time of sketch.
Weather Condition
28
-This is the element of sketch wherein measurements are shownto show accurate spaces distances of relevant objects ot their point of reference.
Measurement
29
- All items in the crime scene must be included. Never decide outright that som items are irrelevant. As you proceed in the investigation, these seemingly irrelevant items will become relevant or material in the investigation
Essential Items
30
- It is the element of the finish sketch. The scale of 1:50 means that it is one inch in the sketch measurement but is 50 inches in the actual crime scene measurement.
Scale of Proportion
31
- This Includes the name of the victim.
Victim Identification
32
Includes the exact time pf the preparation of the sketch
Time and Date
33
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF SKETCH (5)
• Measurement
• Essential Items
• Scale of Proportion
• Victim Identification
• Time and Date
34
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES (4)
Baseline Method
Rectangular Coordinate Method
Polar Coordinate method or Compass point method
Triangulation Method
Grid method
35
Run a baseline from one fixed point to another, from which measurements are taken at right angles.
Baseline Method
36
Works best for outside crime scenes
Baseline method
37
Uses two adjacent walls as fixed points as distances are measured at right angles
Rectangular Coordinate Method
38
Use 2 walls as baselines and measure to the object
Rectangular Coordinate Method
39
This is the most common method best for interior crime scenes
Rectangular Coordinate Method
40
Uses a protractor to measure the angle formed by two lines
Polar Coordinates Method (Compass point Method)
41
Common in outdoor scenes uses straight-line measurements from two fixed objects to the evidence to create a triangle with evidence in the angle formed by two straight lines.
Triangulation Method
42
Most accurate but most time consuming
Triangulation Method
43
COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE
-Documentations
a. during collection
b. packaging
c. sealing
d. turn-over to Evidence Custodian
44
- the means sanctioned by the court of law, in ascertaining in a judicial proceeding, the truth respecting a matter of fact
EVIDENCE
45
that which is legally submitted to a competent tribunal as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it
anything which a suspect leaves at a crime scene or takes from the scene, or which may be otherwise connected with the crime
EVIDENCE
46
Reasons Why Physical Evidence Should Be Discovered in Crime Scenes (6)
- Physical evidence provides clues or leads upon which an investigator will base his investigation
- Establish the identity of the persons involved.
- Assist the investigator to destroy the alibi of the suspect.
- Establish the fact of the felony & prove the commission thereof.
- Disprove fabricated reports & set free the innocent person.
- Aid the investigator to arrive at the appropriate offense or felony.
47
CONCEPTS WITH REGARDS TO THE QUALITY AND USEFULNESS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE IN ESTABLISHING IDENTITY
1. Individuality
2. Class Characteristics
3. A preponderance of such evidence
4. Probability
5. Rarity
6. Theory of transfer
7. Comparisons
48
- a combination of independent ovents wil occur is the product of individual probabilities. Thus. the probability of association with a particular situation may be very high when a number of separate factors are found ot correspond.
Probability
49
- the determination of whether or not an object or item should be collected as evidence will frequently rest on the following circumstances: it seems out of place; it is unusual for the item to be in a certain place; or the condition of the item or object indicates unusual change.
Rarity
50
- when two objects come into contact, there will frequently be a transfer of al amounts of materials from one to the other.
Theory of transfer
51
- the most definite point of comparison between object si an obvious physical match.
Comparisons
52
WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES TO BE OBSERVED IN HANDLINGALLTYPESOF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE?
1. The collected evidence should reach the laboratory as much as possible in same condition as when it was found.
2. The quantity of collected specimen shall be adequate for purposes of forensic examination. Even with the best available equipment, good test results cannot be obtained from insufficient specimen.
3. Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purposes.
4. Keep each specimen separate from others. Wrap and seal in individual packages when necessary.
5. Mark or label each piece of evidence for positive identification.
6. The chain of custody of evidence must be maintained. Account for evidence from the time it is collected until it is produced in court. Any breaking this chain of custody may make the material inadmissible in Court
53
TYPES OF EVIDENCE THAT CAN BE LOCATED AT THE CRIME SCENE
1. Physical Evidence
2. BiologicalEvidence
3. ImpressionEvidence
4. TraceEvidence
5. ElectronicEvidence
54
FINAL WALKTHROUGH - by IOC and SOCO TL
✓ Ensure that appropriate inventory has been provided.
✓ Release is accomplished only after completion of the final survey and proper documentation.
✓ Release the crime scene in writing with the notion that there is only one chance to perform job correctly and completely.
55
– refers to the information written on evidence tags / evidence / or evidence package to ensure that the items can be identified by the collector at any time in the future.
Markings
56
Content of Markings:
a) Exhibit Case Number
b) Initials and / or signature of the collecting officer
c) Time and date of collection
d) Place or located where the evidence was collected
57
TAGGING
Outside the package are the following information (based from PNP Manual) (8)
Name of the agency
Agency case number
Item number
Date of incident
Investigator's identifier
Where the item was found
Date and time found
Description of item
58
- a pattem resulting from a hard marking device being forced against another object
Tool Mark
59
The tool should be first examined for the presence of any residue and trace evidence such as:
a) Paint residue
b) Glass Particles
c) Metal Scrapings
d) Fibers; and
e) Latent Fingerprints
60
Shoeprint or Footwear impressions can be ni two forms:
a) two-dimensional (2D) and b) three-dimensional (3D)
61
Large articles containing latent such as glass, metal articles, and firearms should be placed on———- and fastened down with string to prevent shifting and contact with other objects in transit
wood or heavy cardboard
62
fingerprint evidence to be examined frequently - use
pegboard
63
papers and document containing latent prints -individually in a_________
-container can be sandwiched between two sheets of stiff cardboard, wrapped, and placed in a box for mailing
cellophane or manila envelope
64
FIREARM EVIDENCE
**Never submit a loaded gun to the Laboratory
**A firearm with the cartridge in the chamber should never be shipped by any method, even if the weapon is not cocked or on safety.
***Never clean the bore, chamber, or cylinder before submitting a firearm, and never attempt to fire thegun before it is examined in the Laboratory
**Never pick up a weapon by placing a pencil or other object in the end of the barrel
**Record serial number, make, model, and caliber of the weapon, and mark it in some inconspicuous manner that does not detract from its value before sending it to the Laboratory
65
Place weapons in _________, well packed, to prevent shifting of guns in transit.
strong cardboard or wooden boxes
66
**______ should not be taken apart.
**presence of blood or any other important material on the gun
Rifles or shotguns
67
**Blood in liquid pools = use ________, air dry
**If close to the Laboratory, deliver stained object immediately.
**Place only one item in each container. Do not use plastic containers.
gauze pad or other clean sterile cotton cloth
68
= wrap the item in clean paper, place the article in a brown paper bag or boxand seal and label containe
On clothing
69
= send the whole stained object to the Laboratory
On small solid objects
70
- cover the stained area with clean paper and seal the edges down with tape to prevent loss or contamination
On large solid objects
71
= scrape the stain onto a clean piece of paper, which can be folded and placed in an envelope
X for transport
72
Allow any stains to air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in______
paper bags
73
use the _______ to pick up hair, place in ________ or ______ which should then be folded and sealed in larger envelopes
use the fingers or tweezers to pick up hair, place in paper bindles or coin envelopes which should then be folded and sealed in larger envelopes
74
RAPE CASES
- ______ head hairs
- ______ pubic hairs
- 50 - 100 head hairs
- 30 -60 pubic hairs
75
– a pattern resulting from a hard marking device being forced against another object
Tool Mark
76
Tool Mark Examples
indentation marks, cutting marks, abrasion marks
77
If this is not possible, make a cast of the mark with______
brown Mikrosil
78
TOOL MARK EVIDENCE
**The tool should be first examined for the presence of any residue and trace evidence
**A tool should never be fitted into an impression to see if it could have made the mark
***For tool marks found on a removable material, collect the material directly as it is.
**For tool marks found on non-removable material, preferably, take away the part of the material wherethe mark is.
**If this is not possible, make a cast of the mark with brown Mikrosil
79
Samples of the ___ should be obtained and submitted as reference standard
