EXAM

Question 1

What is the difference between inductive and deductive
reasoning?

Answer 1

Inductive reasoning uses specific cases to
general idea, while deductive reasoning uses
general premises to specific idea.

Question 2

What is Modus Ponens also called?

Answer 2

Affirming the antecedent

Question 3

What is the major premise in this syllogism?
All mammals are warm-blooded. All whales are
mammals. All whales are warm-blooded.

Answer 3

All mammals are warm-blooded

Question 4

What is a categorical syllogism?

Answer 4

A deductive argument with three categorical
statements.

Question 5

Which type of categorical syllogism includes universal
negative statements?

Answer 5

celarent

Question 6

What is the role of the minor premise in a categorical
syllogism?

Answer 6

It provides a specific statement about the
minor term

Question 7

Identify the structure of this argument:
Major Premise: No A are B.
Minor Premise: Some C are A.
Conclusion: Some C are not B

Answer 7

invalid categorical syllogism

Question 8

Which standard form uses all universal affirmative
premises and conclusions?

Answer 8

Barbara

Question 9

What pattern is exhibited in this syllogism:
Major Premise: All philosophers love wisdom.
Minor Premise: All humans are philosophers.
Conclusion: All humans love wisdom.

Answer 9

AAA (Barbara)

Question 10

In the statement “No A are B. All C are A. Therefore, no
C are B,” which type of categorical syllogism is used?

Answer 10

Celarent

Question 11

Which component is NOT part of a categorical
syllogism?

Answer 11

hypothetical conclusion

Question 12

In the Barbara form of categorical syllogisms, which of
the following patterns applies?

Answer 12

AAA

Question 13

What is a similarity between deductive and inductive
reasoning?

Answer 13

Both involve drawing conclusions from
premises.

Question 14

How many premises are there in a categorical
syllogism?

Answer 14

Two

Question 15

What is affirmed in a Modus Ponens argument?

Answer 15

the antecedent

Question 16

What is denied in a Modus Tollens argument?

Answer 16

the consequent

Question 17

Which of the following is a valid Modus Ponens
argument?

Answer 17

If it rains, the ground will be wet. It rains.
Therefore, the ground is wet.

Question 18

What type of reasoning connects multiple “if-then”
statements?

Answer 18

pure hypothetical syllogism

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of a deductive
syllogism?

Answer 19

counterexample

Question 20

In logic, what is the antecedent of a conditional
statement?

Answer 20

the “if” part of the statement

Question 21

Which type of hypothetical syllogism uses “If A, then B.
A is true. Therefore, B is true”?

Answer 21

modus ponens

Question 22

What is the main characteristic of inductive reasoning?

Answer 22

it moves from specific to general

Question 23

What type of conclusion does inductive reasoning
provide?

Answer 23

Probable and evidence-based

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of inductive
reasoning?

Answer 24

Every swan I have seen is white. Therefore, all
swans are probably white.

Question 25

What is causal inference in inductive reasoning?

Answer 25

Inferring a cause-and-effect relationship based on patterns

Question 26

What is the main feature of statistical syllogism?

Answer 26

it moves from general to specific

Question 27

Which is an example of inductive reasoning?

Answer 27

Most of the apples in this basket are red. Therefore, all the apples in the basket are probably red.

Question 28

What type of inductive reasoning is this? "Every time I drink tea before bed, I sleep well. Therefore, tea helps me sleep."

Answer 28

causal inference

Question 29

What does deductive reasoning move from?

Answer 29

general to specific

Question 30

What type of reasoning is used here? "All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal."

Answer 30

deductive reasoning