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Anatomy - Ortho > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae and the rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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2
Q

What muscles are housed in the DEEP POSTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (3)

A
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • tibialis posterior
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3
Q

Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion involves motion of what joint?

A

tibiotalar motion

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4
Q

What are the 2 muscles that cause ankle eversion?

A
  • peroneus longus

- peroneus brevis

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5
Q

Sensation of what spinal nerve is approximately level with the pubic bone?

A

T12

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6
Q

What muscles are housed in the SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (2)

A
  • soleus

- gastrocnemius

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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8
Q

All arterial blood must pass through this artery to traverse from the upper leg to the lower leg.

A

popliteal artery

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9
Q

The anterior tibial artery/vein and deep peroneal nerve is housed in what compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • anterior compartment
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10
Q

What nerve innervates the adductor muscles?

A

obturator nerve

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11
Q

What type of bone is the patellar?

A

sesamoid bone

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12
Q

The actions of the lumbricals involve _______ of the MTP joints and _______ of the ITP joints.

2-5 digits only

HE SAID THIS WON’T BE ON EXAM

A
  • FLEXION of MTP joints

- EXTENSION of ITP joints

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13
Q

What is the significance of the femoral ligament (aka round ligament of femur)?

A
  • connects the femoral head with the acetabulum

- contributes to the blood supply of the femoral head during childhood

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14
Q

What muscle originates on the head of the fibula?

A

peroneus longus

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15
Q

What are the 2 muscles that cause inversion of the ankle?

A
  • tibialis anterior

- tibialis posterior

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16
Q

Sensation of what spinal nerve is approximately level with the nipple line?

A

T4

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the quadriceps muscles?

A

femoral nerve

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18
Q

What are the 2 muscles that insert to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A
  • Iliacus muscle
  • Psoas major

ILIOPSOAS

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19
Q

What are all the muscles that cross BOTH the hip and knee joint? (7 TOTAL)

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimembranous
  • Semitendinosus
  • TFL
  • Gracillis
  • Sartorius
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20
Q

What muscle originates from the anterior INFERIOR iliac spine (AIIS)?

A

rectus femoris

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21
Q

A high ankle sprain involves a tear of what?

A

syndesmosis of inferior tibiofibular joint

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22
Q

Where does the conus medularis begin?

A

around L1/L2

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23
Q

What muscles are housed in the MEDIAL compartment of the thigh? (4 total)

A
  • adductor muscle group (3)

- gracilis

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24
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral muscles of the lower leg?

A
  • superficial fibular nerve
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25
What artery travels through the suboccipital triangle?
vertebral artery
26
Severe lower back pain, saddle anesthesia and bowel/bladder incontinence should have you concerned for this diagnosis.
cauda equina syndrome
27
The deep back muscles are innervated by what nerves?
dorsal rami
28
The primary curvature (kyphosis) is retained in what part of the spine?
thoracic spine
29
A fracture to the proximal fibula will injure what nerve?
peroneal nerve
30
What nerve innervates the hamstring muscles?
sciatic nerve
31
What nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?
spinal accessory nerve
32
What muscle inserts into the proximal fifth metatarsal bone?
peroneus brevis
33
what nerve innervates the posterior lower leg muscles?
tibial nerve
34
Which of the following gluteal muscles is NOT innervated by the SUPERIOR gluteal nerve? a. TFL b. gluteus maximus c. gluteus medius d. gluteus minimus
b. gluteus maximus | * INNERVATED BY INFERIOR gluteal nerve*
35
The superficial peroneal nerve is housed in what compartment of the lower leg?
- lateral compartment
36
What are the 4 ligaments of the ankle?
- calcaneofibular ligament - posterior talofibular ligament - anterior talofibular ligament - deltoid ligament
37
What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?
- iliocostalis muscle - longissimus muscle - spinalis muscle
38
What nerve innervates the anterior muscles of the lower leg?
deep peroneal nerve
39
The femoral artery/vein and saphenous nerve are housed in what compartment of the thigh?
anterior compartment
40
What structures run through the popliteal triangle? (7)
- popliteal vein - popliteal artery - tibial nerve - common peroneal nerve - small saphenous vein - popliteal lymph nodes - popliteus muscle
41
The sciatic nerve is housed in what compartment of the thigh?
posterior compartment
42
What 2 muscles insert to the greater trochanter of the femur?
gluteus medius | gluteus minimus
43
What are the 3 borders of the femoral triangle?
- inguinal ligament - sartorius - adductor longus
44
What are the 2 SUPERFICIAL veins of the lower leg?
- Greater saphenous | - Lesser saphenous
45
Sensation of what spinal nerve is approximately level with the abdomen?
T10
46
What are the 3 actions of the erector spinae muscles?
- posture - vertebral extension - lateral vertebral flexion
47
What are the 3 structures that pass through the femoral triangle?
- femoral nerve - femoral artery - femoral vein
48
What are the 3 hip ligaments?
- iliofemoral ligament - pubofemoral ligament - ischiofemoral ligament
49
The talar tilt test assess the integrity of what 2 ligaments?
ATFL and CFL
50
The anterior drawer test assess the integrity of what ligament?
ATFL
51
What structures make up the extensor mechanism of the knee?
- quadriceps muscle + tendon - patella - patella tendon (infra-patellar ligament)
52
What are the 4 muscles that border the popliteal fossa?
- semimembranosus - biceps femoris - gastrocnemius - plantaris
53
What are all the vessels and nerves housed in the DEEP POSTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (5 total)
- Peroneal artery/vein - Posterior tibial artery/vein - Tibial nerve
54
What tendon runs UNDER the sustentaculum tali?
- flexor hallucis longus
55
What are the 3 muscles that insert into the pes anserinus?
- sartorius - gracillis - semitendinosus
56
What muscles are housed in the LATERAL compartment of the LOWER LEG? (2)
- Peroneus longus | - Peroneus brevis
57
What are the actions of the sartorius?
HIP flexion/ ABDduction/ External Rot | KNEE Flexion/ INternal rotation
58
Inversion/Eversion involves motion of what joint?
subtalar motion
59
What muscles are housed in the POSTERIOR compartment of the thigh? (3 total)
- semimembranosus - semitendinosus - biceps femoris
60
What muscles are housed in the ANTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (3)
- tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus
61
What muscle originates from the anterior SUPERIOR iliac spine (ASIS)?
sartorius
62
What are the 3 transversospinalis muscles?
- semispinalis muscle - rotatores muscle - multifidus muscle
63
The secondary curvature (lordosis) is retained in what part of the spine?
- C-spine | - L-spine
64
A positive Tredelenburg sign usually indicates a weakness in what 2 hip muscles?
- gluteus medius | - gluteus minimus
65
What muscles are housed in the ANTERIOR compartment of the thigh? (5 total)
- quadriceps group (4 muscles) | - sartorius
66
What muscles group insert to the tibial tuberosity?
quadriceps group
67
What muscle "unlocks" the knee?
Popliteus
68
What muscle group originates from the ischial tuberosity?
hamstring muscles
69
What ligament holds the fibula and tibia together?
interosseous ligament
70
Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
gluteal tuberosity of femur
71
A inversion ankle sprain involves what 2 ligaments?
ATFL and CFL
72
What are the 3 ankle dorsiflexors?
- Tibialis anterior - EHL - EDL
73
What hip flexor is retroperitoneal?
Iliopsoas
74
What are the 4 deltoid ligaments?
- anterior tibiotalar - posterior tibiotalar - tibiocalcaneal - tibionavicular
75
Which of the thigh adductor muscles also is a hip extender? (All other muscles are hip flexors) a. pectineus b. adductor brevis c. adductor longus d. adductor magnus e. gracilis
d. adductor magnus
76
Which muscle of the anterior leg is the primary big toe extender?
extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
77
Which muscle of the anterior leg is the primary smaller toes extender?
extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
78
Which of the posterior leg muscles is the primary big toe flexor?
flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
79
Which of the posterior leg muscles is the primary smaller toes flexor?
flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
80
The patella reflex tests what spinal level?
L4
81
The achilles reflex tests what spinal level?
S1
82
Great toe dorsiflexion tests what spinal level?
L5
83
What nerve and vessels are contained in the adductor canal?
- saphenous nerve | - femoral artery/vein

Anatomy - Ortho (1 decks)

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