EXAM 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Structures of the skin
Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue Hair Nails Sebaceous, sweat, and mammary glands
layers of skin from superficial to deep
stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
the state of structurally intact and physiologically functioning epithelial tissues such as integument (including the skin and subcutaneous tissue) and mucous membranes
tissue integreity
antecedents of tissue integrity
good nutrition
lack of external trauma
adequate perfusion
limited pressure on site
attributes of tissue integrity
structurally intact and functioning integument
skin integrity risk factors
prolonged pressure poor hygiene poor nutrition incontinence break in the skin
Categories of impaired tissue integrity
trauma or injury loss of perfusion immunological reaction infections and infestations thermal or radiation injury lesions
Primary prevention of skin integrity
patient education identifying risk factors the importance of nutrition mobility keeping skin clean and dry hygiene and skin care discuss safety behaviors to prevent trauma
second prevention of skin integrity
providing pain management
repositioning
using barrier creams
checking incontinent patients frequently to keep skin clean and dry
manage hygiene
provide appropriate nutrients to promote health skin or for wound healing
administer medications
prevent spread of infections or infestations
tertiary prevention of skin integrity
teach patient and care giver about home care pressure relief wound care hygiene incontinence care pruritus relief safety behaviors to prevent trauma general skin care
thinner more permeable skin
infants
less subcutaneous fat than older adults and children puts infants at greater potential for what?
fluid loss
less effective temperature regulation
what is the texture of skin for young children
smooth and dry
when do the apocrine glands become functional
after puberty
increased apocrine sweat gland and sebaceous acctivity
adolescents
oily skin acne
adolescents
Changes occurring in the skin as a person ages
skin becomes more fragile delayed wound healing decreased Vitamin D production susceptible to dry skin decrease in sensory perception greater risk of hypothermia or hyperthermia elasticity decreases decreased perspiration
pharmacotherapy for tissue integrity
pain medications topical antibiotics topical antifungals topical steroids medicated lotions or powders bleach solutions topical agents to promote healing topical emollients hydrocolloidal agents
positive outcomes of skin integrity
protection from infection adaptation to the environment maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance regulation of acid-base balance Vitamin D production
physical and physiological clinical manifestations of impaired skin integrity
itching burning pain excessively dry, peeling skin draining wound Stage 1-4 pressure ulcer tear in skin, abrasion, laceration depression, low self-esteem change in skin color, skin temperature fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Diagnostic tests for impaired skin integrity
wound culture tissue biopsy black light or immunofluorescence lab work such as chemistry and CBC doppler if suspected perfusion issue MRI and CT scans to detect deep tissue
largest organ of the body
skin
serves as a barrier or protective coating and protects us from infections, keeps us from losing fluid, and helps us manage temperature
skin
help us detect pain, temperature, and touch
nerves of the skin
