exam 2

Question 1

Cortisol (made from the adrenal gland) has what effect on the body?

Answer 1

Impacts level of awareness and sleep pattern
Cortisol is the wake up hormone
spontaneous emotions
wound healing

Question 2

What affect do glucocorticoids have on the body?

Answer 2

anti-inflammatory, growth suppressing effects, increasing circulating erythrocytes, increases appetite, promotes fat deposits in the face and cervical areas, decrease serum calcium, and enhances urinary excretion.

Question 3

what is the most predominant minearalcorticoid

Answer 3

aldosterone

Question 4

What is the main function of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)?

Answer 4

retain sodium and water, and excrete potassium

Question 5

In what instance would corticosteroids be contraindicated?

Answer 5

in patients with active, untreated infections, in patients with hypertension or cardiovascular disorders, and cautious use in post-menopausal women due to risk of osteoporosis.

Question 6

In patients with diabetes, what complication may they see while taking a corticosteroid?

Answer 6

problems with glycemic control– may become hyperglycemic

Question 7

What complications could people with UC or peptic ulcer disease see with concurrent corticosteroid use?

Answer 7

increased risk of GI bleeding and perforation

Question 8

What consideration should you make when administering a corticosteroid to a patient?

Answer 8

Give earlier in the day (preferably before 9AM to prevent insomnia.

Question 9

Which drugs are choices for the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 9

hydrocortisone, cortisone, and prednisone

Prednisone is the most common drug used outpatient

Question 10

Which drugs are choice in the treatment of inflammation?

Answer 10

Methylprednisolone, prednisone, and triamcinolone or decadron

Question 11

Which drugs are best to help with immune suppression ?

Answer 11

Prednisone is used because it has a short half-life.

Question 12

which drugs are best to treat Rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 12

first-line treatment is NSAID’s. low- dose prednisone can also be used.

Question 13

What sort of ongoing monitoring is needed for patients on long-term corticosteroids?

Answer 13

weight, electrolytes, glucose, CBC, monitoring for GI bleed, eye exam,

Question 14

What patient education can be given to a patient taking long-term corticosteroids?

Answer 14

Take medication prior to 9AM
have a diet high in potassium and calcium
diet low in sodium and carbohydrates

Question 15

what is thought to be the MOA of tylenol?

Answer 15

inhibiting central and peripheral prostaglandin synthesis

Question 16

where is tylenol metabolized?

Answer 16

the liver

Question 17

Is ibuprofen or tylenol recommended for pregnant women?

Answer 17

tylenol

Question 18

which pain medication would be recommended for children’s and infants <6 mos

Answer 18

tylenol

Question 19

what is the most common adverse drug reaction for NSAID’s?

Answer 19

GI disturbances- take with food to reduce GI upset

Question 20

What medication can be used for pain associated with osteoarthritis?

Answer 20

tylenol or motrin

Question 21

What medications can be used for gout?

Answer 21

indomethacin, naproxen, and sulindac

Question 22

which medication is the drug of choice for fever?

Answer 22

motrin

Question 23

what medication can be used for primary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 23

NSAID’s (motrin for naproxen) are the drugs of choice

Question 24

what needs to be monitored during lon term treatment with NSAID’s?

Answer 24

renal function and for presence of a GI ulcer or GI bleed(CBC prior to initiation of therapy and annually)

Question 25

what slows the absorption of aspirin?

Answer 25

food

Question 26

what are the major adverse drug reactions with aspirin?

Answer 26

GI irritation, iron deficiency anemia, ototoxic, potential development of Reye's syndrome, risk of bleeding

Question 27

what is the gold standard treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 27

aspirin

Question 28

what should patients do at first sign of an MI?

Answer 28

patients should take one 325 mg aspirin tablet

Question 29

What medication can be used for MI and stroke prophylaxis?

Answer 29

aspirin

Question 30

what education needs to be given to patients with aspirin therapy?

Answer 30

Take with plenty of water | remain upright for 15 to 30 minutes following

Question 31

what monitoring needs to be done on patients on long-term aspirin treatment?

Answer 31

random salicylate levels should be drawn 7-10 days following initiation of therapy Renal function needs to be monitored CBC fecal blood testing