EXAM 2

Question 1

Where is trachea to the esophagus?

Answer 1

trachea lies anterior to the esophagus

Question 2

How long is the trachea?

Answer 2

10 to 11 cm

Question 3

Where does the trachea begin and end?

Answer 3

begins: level of cricoid cartilage in neck
ends: below sternal angle into right and left main bronchi

Question 4

Where does the trachea split into bronchi

Answer 4

In the mediastinum, at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi.

Question 5

slow and regular (<12)

Answer 5

bradypnea

Question 6

rate and depth irregular

Answer 6

hypoventiliation

Question 7

rapid and shallow >20

Answer 7

tachypnea

Question 8

speeding up and slowing down with periods of apnea

Answer 8

cheyne-strokes

Question 9

irregular depth and rate with periods of apnea

Answer 9

biots

Question 10

deep-low, normal, or fast

Answer 10

Kussmaul’s

Question 11

what is resonance?

Answer 11

normal sounds percussed over air filled peripheral lung fields

Question 12

fremitus

Answer 12

palpable vibration

Question 13

serous

Answer 13

clear, amber, thin and watery

Question 14

fibrinous

Answer 14

cloudy and thin, with strands of fibrin

Question 15

serosanguineous

Answer 15

reddish, thin and watery

Question 16

sanguineous

Answer 16

reddish, thin and watery

Question 17

seropurulent

Answer 17

yellow or tan, cloudy and thick

Question 18

purulent

Answer 18

opque, milky

Question 19

hemopurulent

Answer 19

reddish, milky and viscous

Question 20

homorrhagic

Answer 20

red, thick

Question 21

confluent

Answer 21

joining or running together

Question 22

discrete

Answer 22

made up of separated parts or characterized by lesions

Question 23

zosteriform

Answer 23

resembling herpes zoster

Question 24

lichenification

Answer 24

thickening of epidermis

caused by chronic rubbing and scratching

Question 25

flexion

Answer 25

chin to chest - norm about 45

Question 26

extension

Answer 26

chin to ceiling 55

Question 27

rotation

Answer 27

chin to shoulder 70

Question 28

lateral

Answer 28

ear to shoulder 40

Question 29

purpuric lesions include:

Answer 29

petechiae and purpura

Question 30

petechiae

Answer 30

tiny hemorrhage from capillaries

Question 31

ecchymosis

Answer 31

bleeding into skin

Question 32

hematoma

Answer 32

bleeding into skin but raised

Question 33

purpura

Answer 33

tiny hemorrhages from capillaries and bleeding into skin Petechiae and ecchymosis

Question 34

The aging adult

Answer 34

- elasticity: loses elasticity: skin fold and sags - sweat and sebaceous glands: decrease in number and function, leaving skin dry - senile purpura - discoloration - skin breakdown - hair matrix: functioning melanocytes decrease leading to gray fine hair

Question 35

Paronychia

Answer 35

inflammation of skin around the nail

Question 36

What's the hair like for graves disease?

Answer 36

fine, thin hair

Question 37

What's the hair like for hypothyroidism?

Answer 37

coarse, dry, brittle hair

Question 38

Cachexia

Answer 38

wasting away

Question 39

abnormal systolic sounds:

Answer 39

- ejection click: high pitched sounds - aortic prosthetic valve sounds - mid-systolic click

Question 40

abnormal diastolic sounds

Answer 40

- Opening snap - mitral prosthetic valve sound - third heart sound - fourth heart sound - pericardiac friction rub

Question 41

what is the strongest risk factor associted with PAD?

Answer 41

smoking - affects blacks highest risk is non-hispanic blacks

Question 42

What age does AHA recommend for u to screen for PAD?

Answer 42

70 50-69 if u have history of smoking or diabetes

Question 43

what are lymph nodes?

Answer 43

small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body's immune system. They filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid

Question 44

peripheral vascular disease has what symptoms?

Answer 44

``` Arms: - raynaud phenomenon - lymphedema Legs: - arterial-ischemic ulcer - venous ulcer - superficial varicose veins - deep vein thrombophlebitis ``` - aneurysms - occlusions

Question 45

ulcers due to inadequate blood flow:

Answer 45

- arterial ischemic ulcer | - venous stasis ulcer