Exam 2 Flashcards
(208 cards)
Functions of the Bone
support, protection, allow movement/lever system, storage depot for Ca and P salts, hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells involved multipotent stem cells
Classes of Bones
long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones
Long Bones
longer than they are wide
Short Bones
Same size in width and length
Irregular bones
bones that we cannot describe the shape of
Sesamoid Bones
form entirely of a tendon
Structures of a long bone
Diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis, marrow cavity
Diaphysis
shaft of the bone
Metaphysis
neck of bone (bone ends to widen)
Epiphysis
ends of the bones and contain spongy bones which has empty spaces that are red bone marrow
Red bone marrow
active type of bone marrow and where hematopoiesis occurs
Yellow bone marrow
inactive type of bone marrow which is mostly fat and fill the narrow part of long bones called the medullary cavity
Compact bone
hard parts of bone and made up of osteons with concentric layers of lamellae and found in diaphysis or either side of flat bones
Spongy bone
lattice work of bone and does not contain osteons or blood vessels and has more space (medullary cavity)
Periosteum
the wrapping of our bone and is made up of dense irregular connective tissue and considered active part of bone (osteoblasts and osteoclasts are here)
Perforating fibers
help attach periosteum to compact bone (collagen fibers do by providing strength in many directions)
Fibers of tendons
dense regular connective tissue that connect muscle to bone
Endosteum
Lines the medullary cavity and contains many osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts (more active than periosteum)
Epiphyseal plate
metaphysis and is made of the hyaline cartilage (in kids)
Epiphyseal line
metaphysis in an adult so hyaline cartilage disappears
Articular cartilage
is made of hyaline cartilage and coats the ends of the long bones that articulate with other bones (very smooth and reduces friction), lot of collagen so strong
Bone is a dynamic tissue
so very vascularized (in communication with other systems in the body)
Volkmann’s canals
bring blood into the central canal then the osteons to the osteocytes for nutrients