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Chemistry 131 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

It is reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen-containing compounds. It produces a flame and often requires a heat source.

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2
Q

How do we indicate states in equations?

A

solid (s); liquid (l); gas (g); aqueous solution (aq)

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3
Q

What is the quantitative analysis of a chemical reaction?

A

Stoichiometry

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4
Q

When doing Stoichiometry we can convert between moles and grams

A

False, we can only convert between moles.

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5
Q

What are limiting reactants?

A

The reactants that run out first

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6
Q

The quantity of limiting reactant determines…

A

…the amount of product formed

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7
Q

What is the simplified process for identifying the limiting reactant?

A

Stablish a moles to coefficient ratio, dividing the number of moles by the coefficient of the substance.

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8
Q

What are the types of yields we can consider during a reaction?

A

Theoretical, actual, and percent yield

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9
Q

What are some of the reasons for a reaction not to be completed?

A

Impurities, side reactions, etc.

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10
Q

Theoretical yield

A

Quantity of product produced IF the reaction was completed

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11
Q

Actual yield

A

What is actually produced

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12
Q

Percent yield

A

Actual yield/theoretical yield multiplied by 100

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13
Q

Combination reaction

A

When two reactants come together to form a single product; for example: 2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) -> 2MgO (s). They can be two elements forming a compound or two compounds combining to form another compound.

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14
Q

If a combination reaction happens between a metal and a non-metal we have a…

A

…ionic compound

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15
Q

Decomposition reactions

A

A single reactant decomposes into two or more products; often occur when a sample is heated. Ex: CaCo3 (s) -> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

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16
Q

Some reactions may be multiple types

A

True

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17
Q

Alkali Metal reactions

A

Vigorous reactions of alkali metals with nonmetals. They also react with water to form the dissolved alkali metal ion, hydroxide ion, and hydrogen gas. These reactions become progressively more vigorous as we move down the group.

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18
Q

Halogen reactions

A

They will react with many metals to form metal halides. They also react with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides; also react with each other to form interhalogen compounds.

19
Q

What is a solution?

A

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

20
Q

Solvent

A

The substance in greater quantity

21
Q

Solute

A

The substance in lesser quantity

22
Q

What is the most used concentration unit?

A

Molarity. It is expressed in mols/L

23
Q

Dilution is…

A

…the process of adding a solvent to a solution to lower its concentration

24
Q

How many types of titration solutions are there?

A

Three; Acid/Base, Redox, Precipitation

25
Q

What is the equivalence point of the titration?

A

The point at which the acid and base are completely neutralized

26
Q

No molecular compounds dissociate into water

A

False. Acids dissociate in an aqueous solution

27
Q

What are the solubility rules?

A

If more than 0.01 moil of a substance will dissolve in 1L of water, we call that substance soluble; if less than 0.01 mol dissolves, it is insoluble

28
Q

All ionic compounds of group _______ as well as the ________ (___) ion are soluble in water

A

1A metals; ammonium - NH4+

29
Q

NO3- and C2H3O2-

A

Always soluble

30
Q

Cl-, Br-, I-

A

Are soluble but the exceptions are: Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+

31
Q

SO42-

A

Soluble except for Sr2+, Ba2+, Hg22+, Pb2+

32
Q

CO32-, PO43-

A

Insoluble but the exceptions are NH4+ and the alkali metal cations

33
Q

S2- and OH-

A

Insoluble except for compounds of NH4+, the alkali metal cations and Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+

34
Q

Hydrogens are attracted to…

A

anions

35
Q

Oxygens are attracted to…

A

cations

36
Q

What is an acid?

A

A compound that when dissolved into water dissociates into H+ and an anion

37
Q

What are the seven strong acids?

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4

38
Q

Monoprotic acids

A

HCl, only one H proton

39
Q

Polyprotic acids

A

H2SO4, more than one H proton

40
Q

What is a base?

A

It reacts with H+ ions (they are called proton acceptors); upon dissolution they produce OH-.

41
Q

Strong electrolytes differ from weak electrolytes because

A

Strong dissociate completely, weak partially dissociates

42
Q

An acid’s reactivity depends on its strength

A

False. It doesn’t. HF is weak but also reactive

43
Q

What happens when we mix an acid and a base?

A

Neutralization reaction. Reactants are base and acids, products (when base is a hydroxide) are water and a salt (soluble ionic compound)

44
Q

H (aq) + OH (aq) - H2O

A

Always the net ionic for reactions between strong acids and strong bases

Chemistry 131 (14 decks)

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