Exam #2 Flashcards
(46 cards)
6- Identity Project
The idea that identity is not fixed, but created and built on
TV as a major and proliferating resource for the
construction of cultural identity
6- Globalization of television and cultural identity
We are able to engage in television from al different cultures, which play a significant role in a persons identity project.
6- Essentialist view on identity (and examples)
- Essentialist View
i. Something that makes you, you. This thing cannot be changed. Ex) you are white, you are Italian
ii. There is something core and essential about us
6- Anti-essentialist view on identity (and
examples)
- Anti-essentialist view
Identity is socially/ideologically constructed. Ex) gender/sexuality/stereotypical expectations in society about how people should act or be.
6- Simunye
“We are one,” is a slogan promoted by the south African broadcasting corporation in an attempt to promote cultural diversity and national unity.
However, different citizens have different cultural identities based on language, history, and traditions
7- Lebanon as a bundle of Paradox
This means the area is very ethnically + politically diverse. Historically they have had to live with negotiations due to being surrounded by so many different cultures, religions and ethnicities
Primarily liberal, but their neighboring regions are the opposite. Complexities in all areas.
7- Historical Context of Lebanon
East meets West, Muslim meets Christianity
•Contested by secular and religious, progressive and
reactionary
•Lebanon caught in civil war b/w 1974 and 1990
- this war changed everything
7- Maronite Culture and Identity
The maronites are the most prominent Christian communities in the middle east. They are caught in between west and east, Christian and Islam beliefs.
7- Maronites in postwar Lebanon
• There was a balance of political power shifted away from maronites after end of the civil war in Lebanon
-Led to Internal conflicts due to being Arab- Christian
7- Maronites’ hybrid identity
Maronites’ identity is contested b/w Arab tradition and
Western modernity
7- Arab- Western identity
7- Young Maronites’ reception of Western media
texts
Lebanon has very few media restrictions. They have the freest media system in the Arab world. This means people have access to media coming from India, the US, Britain, etc. They are influenced by the media they consume, especially Western, and this affects their ideologies.
Through shows like The Cosby Show and 90210, young maronites were able to connect and relate their personal lives to the characters.
7- Lebanese media landscape
7- LBC and its importance
Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation: has a Christian, predominantly Maronite
audience, Future TV a Sunnite following, and NBN
Shiite viewers
Political parties’ main channel during the civil war
7- Cultural hybridity - The Storm Blows Twice
and Ziad’s music as examples
The Storm Blows Twice is a television show aired in Lebanon that was different than normal shows. It discusses inner conflicts that women had, and other citizens had with the struggle between tradition and modernity. This show was able to demonstrate culture hybridity, without being offensive.
Zias is a man who brought a different type of jazz to Lebanon. He took parts of different cultures music and was inspired to create his own version. His version is very unique, and can’t strictly fall under one category (Arabic, jazz, etc.) it’s a perfect blend.
7- Caramel
Caramel is a film that showcases many instances of a struggle with culture identity in Lebanon
8- Big fours in global news agencies in 19th C.
- French: Agence Havas, 1835 (AFP)
- American: Associated Press (AP), 1848
- German: Wolff, 1849 (soon ceased)
- British: Reuters, 1851
8- News agencies and global news flow today
New competitors are rare
• Global new agencies must have global coverage before entering market
• Requires huge investment, large staff, &
large domestic market
8- News reporting practices: gatekeeping, agenda
setting, framing
Gatekeeping: the reporter or agency is deciding what is said, and what is not said.
* WHO decides upon media content?
Agenda setting in attempts to influence viewers, the media only discusses certain things about topics, drawing more attention to them. This controls what you focus on, and helps the media maintain ideological control.
- – Media set the public agenda (define WHAT to think
about)
Framing: *Media present content in a specific way (define
HOW to think about).
8- Significance of Al Jazeera in global news
Al Jazeera is a 24-hour news agency in Qatar, that tends to share information that others won’t. Their goal is to create a bridge between peoples and cultures to support the right of the individual. They show honest and gruesome content about global issues because they believe people deserve to see what is actually going on, not just a one-sided report.
8- Al Jazeera (basic info)
News agency in Qatar - Al Jazeera’s footage is rebroadcast by major global
media including CNN and BBC
8- Al Jazeera’s major funding resources
Started with a $150 million grant from the emir of
Qatar, now the emir provides subsidies on a yearly basis; However, other main sources of income are advertising,
subscription fees, broadcasting deals with other
companies, and sale of footage
8- Differences b/w American news and Al Jazeera
Reporting style, visual image, etc
8- Supports for Al Jazeera
- Presents news in language familiar to Arab
audiences
• Leads to greater political awareness and possibility
for political mobilization
• Provides forum for debates on politics, social issues,
civic liberties, etc.
• Contributes to “democratization” in Arab societies
• Provides Arab audiences around the world
alternative to Western news channels
• (Eg. available through satellite TV in North America)
