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Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Culture

A

Thoughts, communications, actions, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups. 

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2
Q

Characteristics of culture(4)

A

Learned
shared
adapted
dynamic

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3
Q

Acculturation

A

Process of adapting to and acquiring another culture

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

Process of developing a new cultural identity and becoming like members of the dominant culture

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5
Q

Biculturalism

A

Dual pattern of identification and often of divided loyalty

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6
Q

Ying and yang

A

Naturalistic – forces of nature must be kept in balance also embraces idea of a posing categories or forces. Hot and cold

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7
Q

Magicoreligous

A

Supernatural powers predominate in area of health and illness
Examples- Voodoo, witchcraft, and faith healing

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8
Q

What are signs and symptoms of sinusitis? (5)

A

1– facial pain after us upper respiratory infection
2-Red, swollen nasal mucosa and turbinates
3- Purulent discharge – rhinorrhea
4- fevers, chills, malaise
5- Unilateral discharge paired with unilateral pain (bacterial)

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9
Q

Maxillary sinusitis

A

Doll throbbing pain over cheeks with maxillary tooth pain

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10
Q

Frontal sinusitis

A

Pain at the supraorbital ridge

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11
Q

Acute rhinitis

A 
Clear watery discharge
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Swollen Mucosa
Dark red and swollen turbinates
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12
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A 
Rhinorrhea
Itching of nose and eyes 
Lacrimation 
Nasal congestion
Sneezing
Serous edema and swelling of turbinates 
Pale terminates, smooth surface
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13
Q

Oral candidiasis

A

White patches overlying red base

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14
Q

Tonsillitis

Infection of the tonsils

A 
Severe throat pain
Difficulty swallowing
Fever
Mouth breathing
Difficulty with speech because of swelling and pain
Swollen tonsils with exudate
Lymphadenopathy
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15
Q

Pharyngitis

A 
Bright red throat
Exudates 
Swollen uvula
Lymphadenopathy
Painful swallowing
Fever and chills
Malaise
Set an onset in GABHS 
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16
Q

Strep pharyngitis

CENTOR

A 
C- cough absent 
Exudative or swollen tonsils 
Nodes anterior cervical chain 
Temperature 
Often young 
Rarely old
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17
Q

Copd

A

Ap chest is greater than lateral diameter

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18
Q

PapilledemA (choked disc)

Indicating increased intercranial pressure

A

When You examine an optic disc with multiple retinal hemorrhages, redness, congestion, and a more circular appearance

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19
Q

What is ptosis and what is it common in?

A

Ptosis is a drooping eyelid and it is common in myasthenia gravis due to neuromuscular weakness.
Can also result in cranial nerve three damage or be congenital

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20
Q

Mydriasis

A

Enlarged fixed pupils

Associated with acute glaucoma

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21
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted fixed pupils.

Also associated with narcotics

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22
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil size

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23
Q

Ectropion

A

 It is when the lower lid is loose and rolls out, a lot of older people have it and it makes her eyes very itchy

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24
Q

Endotropy

A

When the lower lid rolls in putting their eyelashes to the conjunctivae and they always feel like there’s something in there Eye 

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25
Describe the function of cranial nerveVI in relation to the eye 
Abducens which innervates lateral rectus muscle- EYE ABDUCTION (straight temporal)
26
Describe the function of cranial nerve IV In relation to the eye
Trochlear Which innervates the superior oblique muscle. If the eye cannot look down and towards the nose it indicates a dysfunction of this cranel nerve
27
Describe the function of cranial nerve three in relation to the eye
Occulomotor so primary movement of the eyeballs – if they cannot move the eye straight nasal, Up/nasal Up/temporal Down/temporal It indicates dysfuction of this cranial nerve IT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOR EYE MOTOR ABILITY 
28
Describe how to interpret vision on a Snellen chart
The top number is the distance the person is standing at to be able to read, bottom is the number an average person would have been able to read the line at. I.e.- 20/30= you can read at 20 feet what the normal eye can read from 30 feet away 
29
Describe an effective otoscopic exam
Dark in the room, have them stare at a distant fixed object, turn on max brightness and look for red reflux, once you can see the ocular fundus turn the diopters to zero and look closely. I use a 15° lateral view into the retina to see a vessel. Map along the vessel to find the optic desk.
30
Sympathetic stimulation of the pupil
Stimulation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system dilates the pupil and elevates the eyelids
31
Parasympathetic stimulation of the pupil
Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation causes the pupil to constrict 
32
What is the expectation in a normal person for the pupillary light reflex? 
The pupil other than the one getting the light shined will also constrict simultaneously
33
Heightened peripheral vasoconstriction effects on Eye And likely condition to develop?
Increased pressure overall and increased risk for glaucoma
34
What is glaucoma and differentiate open angle from closed angle or acute. How does glaucoma look? What might a person see?
Glaucoma is a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball resulting in gradual loss of site. It presents with peripheral vision loss and vision blurry. Open angle glaucoma is more gradual pressure buildup because there’s just less room for fluid to drain. Closed/acute angle is sudden and almost entirely obstructed. Acute angle will have a pupillary dilated weirdly with Circumcorneal redness around the iris. The persons vision will get cloudy with pain in the halos around lights. Acute angle is emergent
35
What is a cataract? How might it present?
Cataract is a condition where the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque resulting in blurred vision. It is a gradual, painless, lowers a visual Acuity- makes blurriness and halos. You lose the red reflux upon a opthalmascopic exam.
36
The nurse is assessing a patient’s Eye for the accommodation response and would expect to see which normal finding?
The accommodation reaction includes pupillary constriction and convergence of the axis of the eyes
37
What is macular degeneration?
Age related condition resulting in loss of central vision
38
Allergic conjunctivitis
Itchy, watery and clear discharge, nonpalpable preauricle nodes and associated with history of allergies
39
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Burning or gritty, viscous discharge, usually non-palpable preauricle LN and may have URI symptoms.
40
Viral conjunctivitis
Foreign body/gritty, Mucoid discharge, and palpable preauricle LN, also can have URI symptoms.
41
Emphysema
Barrell chest | Chronically overinflated
42
What happens to a pregnant woman in relation to her lungs?
The enlarging uterus elevates diaphragm 4 cm during pregnancy. It moves with breathing even more during pregnancy, which result in an increase in tidal volume
43
If the transverse diameter of the posterior chest in the apical diameter of the chest is equal, what does that indicate?
Barrell chest
44
AP diameter less than transverse diameter. True or false?
TRUE
45
What do you percuss over the lungs?
Resonance
46
What do you percuss over the bone?
A dull sound
47
Resonance
Low pitch, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in adults
48
If the number 99 is clear when auscultating, what can a person have?
Pneumonia
49
The number 99 should always be muffled when listening? True or false
True
50
Broncophony
Ask a person to repeat 99. Normal voice transition is soft, muffled, and indistinct
51
Egophony
Auscultate chest while the person phonates long “eee”. Normally you shiuld hear “eee”. If yiu hear “a” its consolidated
52
Whispered pectoriloquy
Ask a person to whisper 1-2-3 as you auscultate. Normal reaponse is faint, muffled, almost inaudible
53
Six minute distant walk
Safer, simple, inexpensive, clinical measure of functional status in aging adults
54
Black xray
Empheysema
55
Biots respirations
Rapid and shallow breathing | Meningitis
56
Increase tactile fremitus
Occurs with conditions that increase the density of long tissues also known as consolidation =pneumonia
57
Decrease tactile fremitus
Occurs when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations obstructed bronchus, plural effusion or thickening, Emphysema
58
Pleural friction fremitus
Produced when inflammation of the pariatal or visceral plural causes a decrease in the normal lubrication field
59
How many teeth do we have
32
60
Malocclusion
Is tooth loss occurs, remaining teeth drift
61
Leukoedema
A benign lesion occurring on Buccal mucosa is seen more often in African-Americans
62
Cranial nerve 10 | The vagas nerve
Uvula- | Ask a person to say ahhhh I know soft palate and uvula rise in midline
63
+1 tonsil grade
Visible
64
+2 tonsil grade
Halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
65
+3 tonsil grade
Touching uvula
66
+4 tonsil grade
Tonsils are touching each other
67
How to test cranial nerveXII When assessing the throat?
Hypoglossal nerve Ask a person to stick out the tongue, should protrude in midline, note any tremor, loss of movement, or deviation to side
68
Black hairy tongue
Could be from fungal, Pepto-Bismolor antibiotics
69
Why would you see in a basal skull fracture?
Cerebral spinal fluid out of ears and bruising on eyes and ears
70
Peri orbital edema
Lead swollen and puffy, associated with hypothyroidism
71
Exophthalmos
Eyeballs with widened palpable fissures, associated with both thyroid disorders but mainly hyper thyroidism
72
Enophtalmos
Sunken eyes
73
Blepharitis
Eyelid inflammation- Foreign body sensation
74
Chalazion
Beady Nodule protruding on eyelid very similar to a sty but not as purulent looking
75
Hordeolum
STYE Associated with staff infection of the hair follicles at the lid margin
76
Dacryocyctis
Lacramal sack inflammation, often associated with serious infectious disease
77
Basil cell carcinoma of eye or eyelid
Presents with small painless nodule with central ulceration with pearl edges
78
Iritis
Circumcorneal redness; Very dull red deep halo in contrast to conjunctivitis more proximal to iris
79
Sub conjunctival hemorrhage
Rupture of capillaries, no big deal, just scary looking. Seen in pregnant women
80
Pterygium
Triangular opague wing of bulbar conjunctiva overgrowing towards cornea
81
Hyphema
Blood in anterior chamber
82
Hypopyon
Puss in anterior chamber 
83
Rust colored sputum is seen in what?
Tuberculosis

Advanced Health Assessment (4 decks)

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