Exam 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
polyprotic acids (definition)
capable of losing more than 2 proton per molecule
relationship between Ka and pKa and acidity
high Ka = low pKa
as Ka increases, acidity increases
arrhenius acid/base definition
acid – forms H+ or H3O+ ions in water
base – forms OH- ions in water
lewis acid/base definition
acid – accepts a pair of electrons
base – donate a pair of electrons
most weak acids have Ka values ranging from
~10^-2 to 10^-10
autoionization (self-ionization) of water
water dissociates very slightly into ions in an equilibrium
amphiprotic (definition)
acts as a base (accepts an H+) in one case and as an acid (donates an H+) in the other
calibration plot/standard curve
used to find unknown concentrations of a substance in solution
absorption spectra
find wavelength where Abs. is at max
monoprotic (definition)
acid capable of only donating 1 H+ per molecule
strong acids (name the acids)
hydrochloric acid -- HCl hydrobromic acid -- HBr hydriodic acid -- HI nitric acid -- HNO3 sulfuric acid -- H2SO4 perchloric acid -- HClO4
weak acids
hydrofluoric acid – HF
phosphoric acid – H3PO4
carbonic acid – H2CO3
acetic acid – CH3COOH (HC2H3O2)
strong bases
Group 1A(1) hydroxides Heavy Group 2A(2) hydroxides
weak bases
ammonia – NH3
changes in pressure:
equilibrium position changes?
K changes?
equilibrium position may be changed
K unchanged (don’t include pressure of solids or liquids)
changes in concentration:
equilibrium position changes?
K changes?
equilibrium position changes
K unchanged (don’t include concentrations of solids or liquids)
changes in temperature:
equilibrium position changes?
K changes?
equilibrium position changes
K changes
HCl
hydrochloric acid
strong acid
weak conj. base
HBr
hydrobromic acid
strong acid
weak conj. base
HI
hydroiodic acid
strong acid
weak conj. base
HNO3
nitric acid
strong acid
weak conj. base
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
strong acid
weak conj. base
HClO4
perchloric acid
strong acid
weak conj. base
HF
hydrofluoric acid
weak acid
strong conj. base
