Exam 2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
All children diagnosed with learning disabilities have below average intelligence
False
What is phonological awareness?
Understanding what sounds different letters make and how to combine speech sounds
A six-year-old who pronounces “rabbit” as “wabbit” and “rewind” as “we-wind” likely has….
speech sound disorder
The most common form of SLD is SLD with…
learning impairment
Learning disorders are due to…
issues with communication across brain regions
Why do so many children with SLD have emotional and behavioral difficulties?
Having learning delays is frustrating and can cause a child to act out
Being compared negatively to peers can make a child feel badly about themselves
Teachers and parents may put a lot of pressure on a child, leading to stress and defiance
Problem behaviors associated with stress, anxiety, and frustration may get attention from caregivers (positive reinforcement trap)
Anxiety refers to…
an emotion experienced when we expect something bad to happen
Fear refers to…
an emotional response to a present danger
Separation anxiety includes…
difficulty tolerating separation from caregivers
GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (T/F)
True
Low levels of GABA are associated with…
anxiety
Glutamate is an…
excitatory neurotransmitter
Serotonin is involved in…
mood, sleep, appetite
Dopamine is involved in…
reward, learning, motivation, motor functioning
The two most prevalent anxiety disorders in middle-late childhood are…
separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia
There is no indication that there is any association between intelligence and OCD (T/F)
True
Obsessions are…
persistent and intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that are experienced as unwanted and generally distressing
Physiological and mental arousal improve performance, but only up to a point…
Yerkes-Dodson Law
About 25-30% of the variance in childhood anxiety is attributable to…
genetic influences
What nervous system initiates the fight-flight-freeze response?
Sympathetic
Is it best to wait to start treatment services until youth escalate to severe antisocial behavior such as assault, vandalism, and theft, rather than starting treatment at the first signs of antisocial behavior in early childhood?
No. Early identification is important so that early intervention can be provided.
Is it only oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) that includes angry/irritable mood as a symptom in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, or also conduct disorder?
Yes. Conduct disorder does not have a mood-related symptom
Most juvenile delinquents stop committing crimes by their late 20s (T/F)
True
The three symptom clusters for ODD are…
angry, irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, vindictiveness
