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ENGN 240 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Safety when working around a running engine

A

 Run turbine engine in front of blast shield or where it doesn’t create a hazard
 Face into the wind if possible
 Wear protective hearing and safety glasses
 Chock wheels and set brakes
 Point away from other aircraft or buildings
 Perform a walk around before starting the engines

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2
Q

Proper PPE to be worn when working around running aircraft

A

 Eye protection

 Hearing protection above 85 dbA

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3
Q

Turbine engine classifications

A
  1. Turbo jet
  2. Turbo fan
  3. Turbo prop
  4. Turbo shaft
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4
Q

Turbine engine station numbers

A
  1. Atmosphere
  2. Face of compressor
  3. Discharge from final stage of compressor
  4. Combustion discharge
  5. Turbine section
  6. Turbine discharge
  7. Exhaust duct
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5
Q

Meanings of P3

A

Pressure at station 3

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6
Q

N1, N2

A

spool #1, spool #2

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7
Q

Pt2

A

pressure at station 2

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8
Q

ITT

A

Internal turbine temperature

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9
Q

EGT

A

exhaust gas temperature

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10
Q

FCU

A

Fuel control unit

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11
Q

FADEC

A

full authority digital engine control

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12
Q

OAT

A

outside air temperature

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13
Q

EEC

A

electronic engine control

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14
Q

RPM

A

Revolutions per minute

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15
Q

What happens in a convergent duct in terms of pressure, temp, and velocity?

A

Velocity up, temp / pressure down

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16
Q

What happens in a divergent duct in terms of pressure, temp, and velocity?

A

Velocity down, Temp / pressure up

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17
Q

Sections of the turbine engine

A 
Inlet
compressor
diffuser
combustion
turbine
exhaust
auxiliary systems
fuel systems
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18
Q

Factors that affect thrust

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A

o Pressure – choked nozzle
o Temperature – higher temp. = lower density
o Ram drag – acceleration decreases due to Ram Drag
o Ram effect – mass of air increases due to Ram Effect
o Altitude – higher the altitude, lower the density of mass airflow
o Etc. – engine RPM, area of exhaust nozzle, weight of fuel, amount of bleed air extracted.

19
Q

Instrumentation

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A

o RPM indication – speed (%), eddy current
o Temperature indication – ITT, EGT, thermocouple -> multiple probes connected in parallel
o Power indication
 Torque – hydro-mechanical, electronic
 Thrust – EPR, N1 monitoring

20
Q

Purpose and operation of:

o Inlet

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A

deliver air to engine during operation, divergent duct, should have low ram recovery point
Also: prevent sand, gravel, ice, etc. from entering the compressor, minimum drag to airframe. Typically built and supplied by airframe manufacturer.

21
Q

Purpose and operation of:

Ram recovery point

Study These Flashcards
A

the aircraft speed at which the pressure at face of compressor is equal to the ambient pressure.

22
Q

Purpose and operation of:

o Compressor

Study These Flashcards
A

to raise the pressure of mass of air entering into the engine inlet, and discharge it to the diffuser and combustion section

23
Q

Purpose and operation of:

o Diffuser

Study These Flashcards
A

divergent duct, velocity decreases, static pressure increases

24
Q

Purpose and operation of:

o Combustion section

Study These Flashcards
A
  • provides a place for mixing fuel and air for combustion
  • Pressure is held constant ( brayton cycle)
  • Types: can, annular ( through flow, side entry, reverse flow), can-annular
25
Purpose and operation of: | o Turbine section
extracts energy from the gases and convert it to mechanical energy ( rotation )
26
o Exhaust section
imparts a high exit velocity to the exhaust gases as they exit the engine
27
o Thrust reversers
``` - deployed on the ground, slows aircraft, reduces wear on brakes Two Types: - Pre-exit - Post Exit Requirements: - WOW - Throttle lever - idle ```
28
o Sound suppression
``` Noise from intake and exhaust Exhaust noise ( reduce shear zone differential ) [ turbo fan ] Fan noise: design can reduce noise, inlet can be lined with sound absorbing material. ```
29
o Auxiliary systems
- Thrust augmentation (Takeoff), gearboxes - Afterburner: take-off or increased thrust requirement - Water or water/methanol injection: take-off only
30
• Fuel system
``` o Pump o Manifold o Fuel nozzles – Atomize the fuel for more complete combustion o FCU inputs o Ignitors – provide a source of ignition Types: - high intensity glow type (common) - glow plug type ( rare ) o FADEC o Programming plug ```
31
Parts of a propeller
hub assembly, hub bore, shank, and tip Back of the propeller faces into the wind Face of the propeller faces the pilot
32
Forces applied to a propeller
Centrifugal force – pulls blades out of hub Torque bending force – blades bend in opposite direction of rotation Thrust bending force – bends the tips forwards Aerodynamic twisting force – attempts to increase blade angle ( lift ) Centrifugal twisting force – attempts to decrease blade angle
33
``` Fixed pitch propeller Variable pitch propeller Constant speed propeller Feathering propeller Reversing propeller ```
- blade angle cannot be changed in flight - blade angle can be changed in flight - prop governor tries to maintain a constant RPM during all phases - respinning the prop during inflight engine failure - slows the aircraft after landing
34
Care and cautions regarding propellers
- Push/pull propellers at the shank - If the blade is impacted by anything report it to your supervisor immediately - Never file a composite blade to repair damage (unless specified by manufacturer)
35
Cold section
compressor to diffuser
36
Hot section
combustion to exhaust section
37
Centrifugal compressor Parts
impeller, diffuser, manifold
38
Axial compressor
Rotor followed by a stator
39
Turbine section
Stator followed by a rotor
40
Compression Ratio
varies with RPM | Limit of overall compression ratio is ITT
41
Preventing compressor stalls
Lower AOA on front stage of compressor - Use a bleed valve to bleed compressed air from middle or rear stages of compressor - Employ a two spool rotor - use variable inlet guide vanes and variable stator
42
Reverse flow
air reverses direction as it flows through the combustor, and reverses again before it flows forward through the compressor turbine
43
ignitor safety
if its dropped, throw it out. Also allow capacitors to leak down for 15 minutes

ENGN 240 (4 decks)

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