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Spinal Anatomy 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

How many Cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7 +/- 0

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2
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae vertebral body

A

rectangle

small

increasing in size

posterior height greater

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4
Q

typical cervical vertebrae superior epiphyseal rims

A

concave side to side - Uncinate processes

convex front to back - A and P grooves

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5
Q

typical cervical inferior epiphyseal rim

A

convex side to side - lateral groves

concave front to back - A and P lips

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6
Q

typical cervical pedicles

A

45 degrees from sagittal plane

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7
Q

typical cervical vertebral notches

A

superior and inferior equal

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8
Q

typical cervical IVF shape and direction

A

Oval 45 degree angle slightly inferior

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9
Q

typical cervical transverse process structures

A

normal costal element and true transverse

normal anterior and posterior tubercles
Carotid Tubercle on C6 though!

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10
Q

Where is a Cervical rib most common?

A

Costal element of C7

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11
Q

Name for connection between anterior and posterior tubercles? What else is there?

A

Costotransverse or intertubercular bar

Sulcus for the ventral primary ramus

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12
Q

What goes through transverse foramen?

A

vertebral arteries

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13
Q

typical cervical transverse process orientation

A

60 degrees anterolateral from saggital and 15 degree down from horizontal

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14
Q

Typical cervical articular processe facets

A

45 degrees from horizontal

BUM

FoLD

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15
Q

Do typical cervicals form articular pillars

A

yes

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16
Q

What structure is found in the middle of the articular pillar in cervicals?

A

dorsal primary ramus

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17
Q

typical cervical vertebral foramen shape

A

heart shaped or triangular

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18
Q

typical cervical spinous processes length

A

increases in length C3-C6

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19
Q

Does bifid spinous decrease or increase in frequesncy as go down?

A

decrease

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20
Q

What are the atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2 and C7

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21
Q

Atlas primary and secondary centers of development

A

primary - two lateral masses

secondary - anterior arch

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22
Q

atlas structure on posterior surface of anterior arch

A

fovea dentis

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23
Q

atlas elevated ridge on superior surface of posterior arch

A

arucate rim

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24
Q

what does the sulcus for the vertebral artery carry?

what are its options to change names?

A

vertebral artery and first cervical nerve

arucate foramen if ponticulus is formed above the posterior arch

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25
what is found on the inferior portion of the posterior arch of atlas?
inferior vertebral notches
26
atlas articular process facets shape and orientation
penut shape superior oval inferior BUM BMD
27
what is found on medial surface of C1 lateral masses?
Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament
28
atlas transverse process structures
reduced costal element with small/absent tubercle costotransverse bar small/absent normal true transverse and posterior tubercle
29
what is special about C1 transverse foramen?
Largest
30
what is the epistropheus?
axis
31
C2 centers of ossification
primary - centum, R/L neural arches, R/L odontoid secondary - inferior epiphyseal rim and ondontoid apex
32
what is located on the anterior surface of the vertebral body of C2?
Longus colli muscle attachment site
33
what is located on the anterior surface of the odontoid process?
facet for fovea dentis
34
what is located on the posterior-inferior surface of odontoid process?
groove for the transverse atlantal ligament
35
what is located at the apex of the odontoid process
Apical dental ligament attachment site
36
what is located along the posterior lateral border of the superior odontoid?
alar ligament attachment site
37
C2 vertebral notches
superior notch - small and posterior to superior articular process inferior notch - large and anterior to inferior articular process
38
C2 articular process facets
BUL FoLD
39
Do C1 or C2 form articular pillars?
NO
40
C2 transverse process
similar to C1 reduced costal element poor costotranverse bar
41
C2 Lamina
massive
42
Spinous process C2
ALWAYS bifid
43
C7 vertebral body
half cervical like half thoracic likeq
44
C7 superior rim
cervical like uncinate processes and A/P grooves
45
C7 Inferior rim
THoracic like A and P lips and Lateral grooves reduced
46
C7 transverse processes
Thick/Large Posterior tubercle on true transverse reduced costal element and tubercle reduced costal transverse
47
C7 transverse foramen
may be small, duplicated or absent
48
C7 articular process facets
BUM ForMeD
49
Does C7 have articular pillar?
NO
50
C7 Spinous process
NEVER bifid. Long and horizontal with large tubercle
51
Number of Thoracic vertebrae
12 +/- 1
52
Typical thoracic vertebrae
T2 - T8
53
typical thoracic vertebral body shape
Heart shaped superior view posterior height greater body increases in size as go down contain costal demi facets
54
What do the superior and inferior costal demi facets articulate with?
Superior - SAME numbered rib Inferior - one rib DOWN
55
Which thoracics have an aortic impression>??
T5-T8
56
typical thoracic pedicle orientation
posterior and little lateral
57
typical thoracic vertebral notches
Superior - shallow Inferior - Deep
58
typical thoracic IVF
faces directly latera within sagital plane upside down pear shape
59
Which vertebrae does the 1st rib lie between?
C7 and T1
60
typical thoracic lamina
broad and plate like shingling occurs between adjacent vertebrae
61
typical thoracic vertebral foramen shape
circular and smaller than cervical and lumbar
62
typical thoracic transverse processes
large and club shaped becomes shorter from t1 to t 12
63
How to tell the difference between typical T2-T4 and T5-T8? ...four steps
1. Aortic Impression? 5-8 2. Transverse process lat or post? Post 5-8 3. Spinous process angle? 5-8 more vertical 4. Distance between superior processes. 2-4 greater. 5-8 equal.
64
typical thoracic articular process facets
BUL ForMeD
65
What is the name for the region between superior and inferior articular processes in T1-T12?
Pars interarticularis
66
What is unique about spinous processes of thoracics?
imbrication (overlapping)
67
What are the atypical thoracic vertebrae?
T1, T9-T12
68
T1 vertebral body shape
Rectangle Superior costal facet no demi
69
T1 superior rim
slightly concave side to side
70
T1 vertebral notches
Superior - deeper than typical thoracic inferior - deep
71
T1 transverse process
Laterall and more horizontal and anterior than typical
72
T1 spinous process
nearly horizontal and long Vertebral Prominence
73
T9 vertebral body
superior costal demi is almost as large as full facet inferior costal demi small or absent
74
T9 Spinous Process
starts to become more horizontal
75
T10 vertebral body
superior costal demi may be full or demi inferior costal demi is absent
76
T10 transverse process
transverse costal facets may be absent
77
T10 spinous process
more horixontal and shorter causing a dimple in skin
78
T10 lamina
para-articular processes are more common and well developed than any other vertebrae!
79
T11 other name
anticlinal vertebra
80
T11 vertebral body
reniform shape superior full facet no inferior costal demi
81
T11 transverse
short, posterior, no costal facet
82
T11 spinous process
becoming more lumbar like, nearly horizontal inferior border
83
T12 vertebral body
Large and reniform superior costal facet lies part on body part on pedicle no inferior costal demi facet
84
T12 transverse process
Modified into THREE TUBERCLES with NO costal facet
85
Describe three transverse tubercles of T12 transverse process
Superior - large and homologue of lumbar mamillary process, projects superior and posterior Lateral - homologue of lumbar transverse process projects laterally Inferior - small and homologue to lumbar accessory process
86
T12 articular process facets
BUL FoLD
87
T12 spinous process
short broad and horizontal like lumbar...hatchet shaped
88
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5 +/- 1
89
Lumbar ossification centers
Primary: centrum and neural arches Secondary centers : S and I Rims, R/L transverse, Spinous, R/L mamillary process
90
Typical lumbar vertebrae
L1- L4
91
Typical lumbar vertebral body
reniform shape Posterior greater than anterior height L2-L4 Lateral width increases L1-3
92
Typical lumbar pedicles
mainly posterior, simalr to thoracics
93
Typical lumbar notches vertebral
superior - small (between cervical and thoracic depths) Inferior notch - Deep (between c and t)
94
Typical lumar IVF
faces laterally and upside down pair shape
95
Typical lumbar lamina
broad top to bottom more shingling but diminishes from L1-L5
96
Typical Lumbar vertebral foramen
***remember cord NOT go through here. cauda equina does triangular in shape. Smaller than cervical but larger than thoracic
97
typical lumbar transverse processes
laterally and posteriorly thin slender, increasing in length till L3 then decreases Mainly costal element acessory process on true transverse
98
what strucure is located at the posterio-inferior root of the transverse process of typical lumbars?
Accessory process
99
If a costal element of a typical lumbar develops into a lumbar rib, where is it most likely?
L1
100
Typical lumbar articular process facets. what projects posteriolateral from superior articular process?
BUM FoLD Mamillary process
101
Compare distances between right and left superior and inferior processes in typical lumbars.
Distance between left and right articular processes is greater for anterior ones.
102
Describe the pars interarticularis for the typical lumbars
more robust than thoracic, entirely compact bone
103
typical lumbar spinous process
short A to P, Deep superior to inferior, narrow laterally, hatchet shaped posterior and large spinous tubercle
104
L5 vertebral body
Largest of the lumbar vertebrae **anterior is greater than posterior height
105
L5 transverse process
large a to p, originate from vertebral body, pedicle, and laminal pedicle junction short laterally not well developed transverse tubercles
106
L5 spinous process
shortest of all vertebrate

Spinal Anatomy 1 (2 decks)

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