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Animal Behavior > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Herbivores

A

Eat plants

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2
Q

Carnivores

A

Eat other animals

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3
Q

Omnivores

A

Eat both plants and animals

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4
Q

Detritivores

A

Scavengers that eat dead organic material

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5
Q

Morphology, physiology, and behavior are all…

A

Linked together with a feeding mode

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6
Q

The Optimal Foraging Theory…

A

is a null model to test against

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7
Q

What should be the aim of Evolution?

A

Maximizing the energy gained per unit of effort expended

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8
Q

Question #1 about cost vs benefit

A

How abundant are food items?

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9
Q

Question #2 about cost vs benefit

A

How abundant are better food items?

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10
Q

Question #3 about cost vs benefit

A

Is there risk of predation?

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11
Q

Question #4 about cost vs benefit

A

Is there risk of injury from prey item?

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12
Q

Question #5 about cost vs benefit

A

Is there risk of loss of food item to other predators?

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13
Q

Question #6 about cost vs benefit

A

How much energy is spent in finding/handling the food item?

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14
Q

Question #7 about cost vs benefit

A

How much time is spent finding/handling the food item?

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15
Q

Step 1 in the foraging outline

A

Search time - finding the food in the environment

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16
Q

Step 2 in the foraging outline

A

Handling time - Selection and capture of prey

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17
Q

Step 3 in the foraging outline

A

Consumption time - how long it takes to eat the food item

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18
Q

Step 4 in the foraging outline

A

Digestive time - How long it takes to process the food item internally

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19
Q

1 in recording in a field notebook

A

Date - day, month, year

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20
Q

2 in recording in a field notebook

A

Time - start to finish

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21
Q

3 in recording in a field notebook

A

Location - at the start/finish, distance traveled, path taken

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22
Q

5 in recording in a field notebook

A

Habitat characteristics - vegetation, soil, bottom type (in aquatic environments)

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23
Q

6 in recording in a field notebook

24
Q

7 in recording in a field notebook

Study These Flashcards
A

Physical/Chemical factors - salinity, turbidity, pressure, oxygen content, current, pH

25
#8 in recording in a field notebook
Descriptions of behavior - empirical data vs functional data, spatial orientation, temporal orientation
26
#9 in recording in a field notebook
Any changes in methods
27
#10 in recording in a field notebook
Additional notes
28
A catalog is...
A list of behaviors with descriptions
29
An ethogram is...
A catalog that is close to a complete list of all behaviors
30
Search time is affected by...
Abundance of food items, predictability of food patches
31
Searches for food are usually directed by...
Cues
32
Search cues include...
Sight, smell, electrical signals, and sounds
33
Factors that influence handling time are...
Quality of the food item, quantity of the food item, and the risk associated with obtaining the food item.
34
The selection process for detritivores includes...
Particle size, organic content, when to feed, and how long to feed.
35
The selection process for predators includes...
scavenging opportunities, food item theft, actually catching the prey
36
The selection process for herbivores includes...
Desired plant species, the desired parts of plants, chemical defenses of the plant, plant specialists.
37
The capture process of detritivores includes...
Appendages, the spin structure, if they have the ability to move the environment (pumping water), and their position in the environment
38
The capture process of predators includes...
The predation method (stalking, ambush, lure), position of prey and predator, and the killing strategy
39
Predator hunting weapons include...
Claws, teeth, spurs, venom, structures, and tools.
40
The capture process of herbivores includes...
Removal of fruit and seeds, removal of leaves and bark, clearing any cover on the plants (snow)
41
Consumption time in detritivores is related to...
When particles are moved into the mouth
42
Consumption time in predators is related to...
The timing of consumption, the location of the food item, and ingestion of the food item
43
Consumption time in herbivores is related to...
When the food item is consumed, where the food item is consumed, and the ingestion of the food item
44
Digestive time is...
The retention time of the food item, the manipulation of the food item, the location of the food item, and the activity level of the animal.
45
Polyphenism
Multiple distinct outcomes in phenotype relative to an environment
46
Possible reasons for switching behaviors include...
Predation, competition, and climate change
47
Things to bring on an observation #1
Notebook - recording some kind of data
48
Things to bring on an observation #2
Timing device - watch or a timer
49
Things to bring on an observation #3
Audio recorder - record notes, record animal noises while the observation is underway, playback sounds for animals
50
Things to bring on an observation #4
Photography - film, digital camera, video recorder
51
Things to bring on an observation #5
Video - digital recordings
52
Things to bring on an observation #6
Photo/Video - control of footage
53
Things to bring on an observation #7
Computer - some way to enter/store data and model simulations
54
Things to bring on an observation #8
GPS
55
Things to bring on an observation #9
Tags
56
Types of tags
Internal, external, or training

Animal Behavior (1 decks)

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