Exam #2

Question 1

Where and When was the first Juvenile Court?

Answer 1

Cook County, 1899

Question 2

What are Juvenile Status Offenses?

Answer 2

Crimes that are only considered unlawful as a minor. (truancy, runaway)

Question 3

What is Juvenile delinquency?

Answer 3

felony, misdemeanor

Question 4

Arrest

Answer 4

does not equal detention, up to the officers discretion

Question 5

Referral

Answer 5

The case goes to states attorney, who decides what is next

Question 6

Adjudication

Answer 6

admittance of crime or it goes to trial

Question 7

Crime Data Sources

Answer 7

Uniform Crime Reports (FBI), National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey

Question 8

Restorative Justice

Answer 8

focused on rehabilitation of offender

Question 9

Retributive Justice

Answer 9

focused on punishment of offender

Question 10

3 Components of the Juvenile CJS

Answer 10

courts, judges, corrections

Question 11

When and what is the Juvenile Court Act?

Answer 11

1899, youth should not be mixed with criminals, individual diagnosis and treatment

Question 12

Kent vs. US

Answer 12

Lacksuit for lack of due process, because Kent was sent to an adult prison without hearings

Question 13

Kent Decision and impacts

Answer 13

brought about procedural and evidentiary standards, took into consideration record and previous history as well as seriousness of allegations

Question 14

In Re Gault (1967)

Answer 14

15y boy on probation taken into custody without parents being notified
gave way to the right of counsel, notice, right against self-incrimination and right to confront witness

Question 15

In Re Winship

Answer 15

proof beyond a REASONABLE DOUBT for the standard at juvenile proceedings, no longer preponderance of the evidence

Question 16

House Of Refuge

Answer 16

1824, the first US reformatory program that kept youth that was convicted of criminal offenses or found in vacancy. They were given apprenticeships, but many were in prison with harsh disciplines

Question 17

Functions of Probation

Answer 17

Decriminalization, integrating rather than isolating and diverson

Question 18

Due Process

Answer 18

no person shall be deprived of life,liberty, or property without due process

Question 19

Consensus Theory

Answer 19

An act is criminal when it offends members of each society

Question 20

Breed V Jones

Answer 20

juvenile can not be adjudicated in juvenile court and then tried for the same offense in adult criminal court

Question 21

Conflict Theory

Question 22

Classical View

Answer 22

Individuals have free will. Some commit while others do not. The focus is on the crime

Question 23

Positivist View

Answer 23

Not free will but by biological or cultural factors. focus is on the criminal

Question 24

Deterrence view

Answer 24

crime is an element of choice, and a product of human-behavior due to multiple enviroments

Question 25

What are the most formative years of child development?

Answer 25

birth to age 3

Question 26

When is the most aggresive age?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Mala in Se

Answer 27

acts considered immoral or wrong in themselves (murder) common law

Question 28

Mala Prohibita

Answer 28

infringe on others rights, not evil by nature

Question 29

Physiological Theories

Answer 29

Criminals are morally insane and personality is developed in early childhood. Families are criminal and continue to produce generational crime EX) Sociological and Learning theories

Question 30

5 Basic Domains for Risk

Answer 30

Individual Family School Peers Community

Question 31

Individual Risk Factors

Answer 31

early antisocial behavior, conduct disorders, being male, being black/hispanic

Question 32

Family Risk Factors

Answer 32

single parent, divorced, blended, family violence, incarceration

Question 33

Peer Risk Factors

Answer 33

how your peers percieve you weighs heavily, skipping school, gang involvement

Question 34

School Risk Factors

Answer 34

lack of connection to teachers/staff, fighting with peers/adults, dropping out, suspension/explusion

Question 35

Community Risk Factors

Answer 35

availability of drugs/alcohol, access to guns, safety concerns

Question 36

Principles of Effective Intervention

Answer 36

Risk (who) Need (criminogenic need) Responsibility (how)

Question 37

Protective Factors

Answer 37

healthy beliefs, effective parenting, standards and rules in school, pro-social, safe environment

Question 38

Why are attitudes/values/beliefs important?

Answer 38

because if a child has a pro-criminal sentiment, nothing will change