Exam 2

Question 1

What does Cellular Respiration do?

Answer 1

turn FOOD energy into STORED energy

Question 2

Kinetic energy is the energy of ___?

Answer 2

motion

Question 3

Conservation of Energy

Answer 3

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but is converted from one form to another

Question 4

Chemical Energy is a form of __.

Answer 4

Stored energy

Question 5

Products of Cellular Respiration:

Answer 5

Heat, Carbon Dioxide, Water

Question 6

In the combustion of glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide (C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O), the entropy of products is ___ than the entropy of reactants.

Answer 6

greater

Question 7

Facts about equilibrium:

Answer 7

1. Lowest free energy state
2. Most stable configuration for a reaction
3. If a reaction is at equilibrium, it is not capable of doing work.

Question 8

The Delta G for a reaction at equilibrium is __, so there is no ____ energy available to do any work.

Answer 8

Zero, free

Question 9

When potential energy of products is less than that of reactants, heat ______

Answer 9

is released into the environment

Question 10

Exergonic

Answer 10

Spontaneous, heat is released

Question 11

Endergonic

Answer 11

Products have more potent energy, requires net input of energy from surroundings

Question 12

What is usually the immediate source of energy for an endergonic reaction?

Answer 12

ATP. The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy needed for an endergonic reaction

Question 13

Equation with endergonic energy acquired:

Answer 13

ADP + P –> ATP

Question 14

Where is one place that energy for endergonic reactions can come from?

Answer 14

Energy coupling, basically the exergonic reactions

Question 15

What is the fate of phosphate group removed when ATP is converted to ADP?

Answer 15

It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction. By acquiring the phosphate group the reactant acquires energy.

Question 16

Model of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 16

3P, Ribose, and Adenosine A group

Question 17

What does hydrolysis do in terms of ATP

Answer 17

Hydrolysis breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule.

Question 18

Irreversible Inhibitors do what?

Answer 18

Permanently render an enzyme inactive. Example: Penicillin

Question 19

How to overcome competitive inhibitors

Answer 19

Add more Substrates

Question 20

A ___ inhibitor has a structure that is so similar to the substrate that it can bond to the enzyme just like the substrate

Answer 20

competitive

Question 21

A ___ inhibitor binds to a site on the enzyme that is not the active site.

Answer 21

non-competitive

Question 22

Usually, an ____ inhibitor forms a covalent bond with an amino acid side group within the active site, which prevents the substrate from entering the active site or prevents catalytic activity

Answer 22

irreversible

Question 23

The competitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for the ______ on the enzyme

Answer 23

active site

Question 24

When the noncompetitive inhibitor is bonded to the enzyme, the shape of the ___ is distorted

Answer 24

enzyme

Question 25

Enzyme inhibitors disrupt normal interactions between an enzyme and its ____

Answer 25

substrate

Question 26

An enzyme is ___ when it loses its native conformation and its biological activity

Answer 26

denatured

Question 27

An enzyme is considered a ___ because it speeds up chemical reactions without being used up

Answer 27

catalyst

Question 28

An enzyme is considered ___ because of its ability to recognize the shape of a particular molecule

Answer 28

specific

Question 29

A ____, such as a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis.

Answer 29

Vitamin

Question 30

When properly aligned, the enzyme and substrate form an enzyme substrate ____

Answer 30

complex

Question 31

A substrate binds to an enzyme at the ______, where the reaction occurs

Answer 31

active site

Question 32

In a catalyzed reaction a reactant is often called a _____

Answer 32

substrate

Question 33

prefix: kin (kinet)

Answer 33

moving

Question 34

prefix: allo

Answer 34

other

Question 35

prefix: trans

Answer 35

across

Question 36

prefix: therm

Answer 36

heat

Question 37

prefix: ase

Answer 37

enzyme

Question 38

prefix: sub

Answer 38

under/below

Question 39

prefix: lac (lact)

Answer 39

milk

Question 40

prefix: glyc

Answer 40

sweet

Question 41

prefix: trop

Answer 41

change, turn, move

Question 42

prefix: extra

Answer 42

outside of

Question 43

What is glycolysis

Answer 43

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.