Exam 2 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
content of a MSE
A
- appearance
- speech
- motor activity
- mood
- affect
- perceptions
- thought content
- thought process
- memory
- level of consciousness
- cognitive functioning
- insight and judgement
2
Q
what is important to know about the neuroanatomy?
A
it has the ability to problem solve, establish memory, and to learn and used acquired knowledge
3
Q
unstimulated babies brains
A
they are 20-30% smaller
4
Q
how can parents help stimulate a child’s brain?
A
by parenting, cuddling, and talking
5
Q
when is the best time to learn a foreign language?
A
between birth and 6 years
6
Q
by what age are unused synapses destroyed?
A
10 years
7
Q
discuss the cerebrum
A
- 85% weight of the brain
- the thinking part, controls voluntary muscles
- memory lives here
- two halves: right = abstract, left = analytic
8
Q
what are the four lobes in the cerebrum?
A
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
9
Q
what does the frontal lobe control?
A
- muscular movements
- planning and problem-solving, social judgement
- interprets information, starting and stopping functions, filters extraneous information
10
Q
what is correlated with frontal lobe impairments?
A
- schizophrenia
- depression
- ADHD
- antisocial personality disorder
11
Q
what do the parietal lobes control?
A
- contains sensory cortex and interprets touch and pressure
- connected to writing and math skills
12
Q
damage to left parietal lobe
A
confusion, difficulty with writing and math, aphasia, and agnosia
13
Q
damage to right parietal lobe
A
neglecting part of body or space (washing or dressing)
14
Q
what does the temporal lobe control?
A
- involved in hearing, memory, language, comprehension, and emotions
- connects with the limbic system to allow for emotional expression of fear, rage, sexual and aggressive behavior, possibly love
15
Q
8 symptoms of temporal lobe dysfunction
A
- auditory sensation/perception
- selective attention and visual input
- visual perception
- impaired organization
- language comprehension
- long-term memory
- personality and affective behavior
- altered sexual behavior
16
Q
what do the occipital lobes control?
A
- interpretation of visual images and visual memory
- involved in language formation
17
Q
what makes up the cerebral hemispheres?
A
gray and white matter
18
Q
what is the limbic system responsible for?
A
emotional expression, memory, and some attention
19
Q
reticular activating system
A
- system of neurons that modulate awareness and state of consciousness
- helps us focus on things
- allows us to sleep
20
Q
what are the main inhibitory neurons?
A
GABA
21
Q
extrapyramidal system
A
tracts of motor neurons to spinal cord whose role is in gross movements and emotional responses
22
Q
diencephalon
A
- composed of thalamus and hypothalamus
- regulates hormone levels, appetite, body temp, sex drive, thirst, circadian rhythms, pleasure, and pain
23
Q
what does the basal ganglia do?
A
- starts and stops movements, plans motor activities, mediating hallucinations and delusions, and processes emotions and memories
- this is where dopamine deficiency happens = parkinsonism
24
Q
discuss the cerebellum
A
- 2nd largest structure
- controls movement, posture, balance, and sensory-motor coordination
25
where the brain stem located?
beneath the limbic system
26
what is some effective treatment for schizophrenia?
pharmacotherapy, psychosocial care, living skills, social skills, cognitive remediation therapy, rehab and recovery, and family therapy
27
is suicide a major concern with schizophrenia?
yes; 20% - 40% of people with it attempt suicide and 5% die
28
psychosis
a severe mental condition in which there is disorganization of the personality, deterioration in social functioning, and loss of contact with, or distortion of, reality. hallucinations and delusional thinking.
29
after being on an antianxiety med, what should the nurse expect?
that symptoms will improve 1 month after administration
30
is mild anxiety easily tolerated?
yes
31
during an assessment in someone who has anxiety, what should the nurse do if the patient is actively panicking?
deal with the anxiety before asking more questions
32
treatment of choice for OCD
SSRI's
33
what do you NOT want to treat OCD with?
benzos
34
what are obsession and compulsions in OCD?
- obsession are thoughts
- compulsions are actions
35
drugs of choice for PTSD
paxil and zoloft
36
what do you educated families about patients with adedonia?
they are not being lazy, it is just part of their illness
37
what drug is useful in treating EPS symptoms?
benadryl
38
drug of choice for seasonal depression
wellbutrine
39
what does mania look like?
close to psychosis
40
what does hypomania look like?
a little below hypomania
41
what is the most urgent attention when someone is manic?
stop the nonstop physical behavior. when a patient can't slow down, they can risk fatigue and injury and even death
42
can staff set limits on teasing and sexual innuendoes?
yes
43
how can you help a depressed patient with good sleep hygiene?
no TV, cold room, no screen time
44
are those with depression good at making decisions?
no, it is too energy consuming for them.
45
what can you offer a patient with depression?
a structure program
46
s/s of depression
- affect
- loss of interest
- vegetative
- suicidal ideation (with previous attempts)
- excessive guilt
- psychomotor retardation (more with adults than kids because they have way too much dopamine)
47
what are vegetative symptoms?
anorexia and social withdrawals
48
if the nurse asks about what the patient is thinking what is this assessment?
cognitive
49
if the nurse asks "how are you thinking?" to the patient what is this aspect?
affects
50
prefrontal cortex
focusing, predicting, impulse control, planning
51
limbic system
the emotional part of the brain: also known as reptilian brain. consists of diencephalon, hippocampus, and amygdala
52
hypothalamus
controls body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems. is involved in sleep and emotional activity
53
hippocampus
responsible for learning and memory
54
cerebellum
- responsible for balance, posture, movement
- cerebellum is where alcohol affects the brain
55
where is dopamine manufactured?
substansia niagra
56
where is serotonin manufactured?
rafae nuclei
57
where do hallucinations occur?
the occipital lobe
58
haldol
first gen. antipsychotic
59
burpropion
- SNRI
- acts on norepinephrine (motivation) and serotonin
60
clozoril
- second gen. antipsychotic
- a lot of weight gain
61
olanzapine
- second gen. antipsychotic
- a lot of weight gain
62
example of MAOIs
nardil and parnate
63
what type of foods can you not eat with MAOIs?
- tyramine rich foods
- can cause a hypertensive crisis
- examples include strong or aged cheeses, cured meats, smoked or processed meats, pickled or fermented foods, sauces, soybeans and soybean products, Snow peas, broad beans (fava beans), and their pods, dried or overripe fruits, yeast, alcohol
64
paxil
- SSRI
- used for anxiety and PTSD
- can't give to kids
- have to titrate up and down careful
65
lithium
- mood stabilizer (may be classified as an anticonvulsant)
- must be on two forms of birth control
- normal levels are between 0.6-1.2
66
what should patients taking lithium be careful not to take?
- no NSAIDS or diuretics because of kidney excretion, toxicity, and birth defects
- if taking diuretics, can lead to an increase of lithium in the blood stream
67
what are usually the first symptoms in someone who has lithium toxicity?
nausea and vomiting
68
divalproex
- first-line treatment for bipolar disorder
- a lot like lithium, can lead to birth defects
- monitor levels
69
ativan
- benzo
- highly addictive, schedule 2 drug
70
prolixin
- first gen. antipsychotic
- comes in sub q form
- given as a depot injection
- like haldol
71
what is a depot injection good for?
it is long-acting
72
klonopin
- benzo
- intermediate, long-acting
- give for sleep
73
what is an example of reference?
thinking that the TV is talking to you
74
a client is complaining of appetite, feeling fatigued, and sleep, what area of the brain is affected?
hypothalamus
75
what part of the brain is associated with difficulty with working memory and planning?
frontal lobe
76
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that cause the brain cells to turn on and off
77
what are the chemical messengers in benzos that are the main inhibitory control?
GABA
78
what is the relation between nicotine and antipsychotics?
nitcotine speeds it up
79
what drug is good for decreasing hallucinations?
olanzapine (zyprexa) or risperdal
80
how to SSRIs work?
the allow more serotonin to be available to areas of the brain to help with anxiety
81
before prescribing a benzo, what should the nurse check for?
recent use of alcohol or other antidepressants
82
what might alcohol mask?
a seizure
83
what is clonazepam (klonopin) used for?
anxiety
84
in OCD are washing hands a lot an example of an obsession or compulsion?
compulsion
85
classes of antidepressants
- tricyclics
- SSRIs
- MAOIs
- ANTICHOLINERGICS ARE NOT
