Exam 2

Question 1

what is Soluble fiber?

Answer 1

dissolves in water forming a gel
Function: swells like a sponge giving food a jellylike bulk that makes you feel full

Question 2

Helps prevent Heart Disease and Regulates blood glucose by slowing absorption of glucose

Answer 2

Soluble fiber

Question 3

Insoluble fiber

Answer 3

Fiber that does not dissolve in water
Function: Provides bulking the intestine to ease elimination

Question 4

Helps prevent constipation (diverticulitis) and decrease risk of colon cancer

Answer 4

Insoluble fiber

Question 5

Benefits of fiber

Answer 5

Helps normalize blood cholesterol levels
Helps normalize blood glucose levels
Maintains healthy bowel functions
Softens stools
Speeds up transit time
Prevents constipation
Lower risk of hemorrhoids
Lower risk of diverticula
Decrease risk of Colon cancer

Question 6

Starch

Answer 6

Food sources: Grains (rice, wheat,), Legumes (beans, lentils), starchy vegetables (potatoes, corn, peas)

Question 7

starch functions

Answer 7

Long chains of glucose molecules linked together, Human digestive enzymes break down starch into glucose molecules in the GI tract

Question 8

Small intestine, Mouth,

Answer 8

CHO organs

Question 9

Whole grains, seeds, nuts, fruits, vegetables and legumes

Answer 9

Fiber food sources

Question 10

Makes up cell walls and gives structure to plants

Answer 10

Starch functions

Question 11

Found naturally in plants
Extracted from plants and added to food or take as a supplement

Answer 11

Total fiber

Question 12

Men 19-50: 38g/day
Men> 50: 30g/day
Women 19-50: 25g/day
Women >50: 21g/day

Answer 12

Fiber recommendations

Question 13

Storage form of CHO in animals, humans included

Answer 13

Glycogen

Question 14

Made up of linked glucose molecules

Answer 14

Glycogen

Question 15

Stored in liver & muscle

Answer 15

Glycogen

Question 16

Many sugar molecules linked

Answer 16

Polysaccharides

Question 17

Polysaccharide

Answer 17

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 18

Monosaccharide

Answer 18

Singular sugar molecule

Question 19

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Answer 19

Monosaccharide

Question 20

Disaccharide

Answer 20

Two sugar molecules linked

Question 21

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

Answer 21

Disaccharide

Question 22

45-65%

Answer 22

Carbohydrate AMDR/DRI

Question 23

Bodies preferred energy source, Only macronutrient that can cross the blood barrier, only source of energy for red blood cells, source of fiber, adds sweetness and flavor to foods

Answer 23

Carbohydrates

Question 24

Carbohydrate food sources

Answer 24

Grains/ Starches, Fruits/juices, Milk/dairy products, vegetables, sugars/sweets

Question 25

What are ketone bodies?

Answer 25

Ketones are excreted through the urine

Question 26

When are Ketones formed?

Answer 26

An excess of ketone bodies can accumulate in the blood causing ketosis

Question 27

what is the number of CHO needed a day to prevent ketosis?

Answer 27

50g

Question 28

Made using different types of grains

Answer 28

Multigrain

Question 29

Has not been refined to remove bran or germ

Answer 29

Whole grain

Question 30

Required that iron, niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin be added to all refined grain products

Answer 30

Enrichment

Question 31

Must receive insulin injections (shots or a pump) Regular monitoring of blood glucose with a glucose monitor CHO counting

Answer 31

Type 1 diabetes treatment

Question 32

Can be managed and even reversed with diet and exercise Maintain a healthy body weight Regular monitoring of glucose with a glucose monitor

Answer 32

Type 2 diabetes treatment

Question 33

High blood glucose during pregnancy increase risk of high birth weight and pregnancy complications Goes away after birth

Answer 33

Gestational Diabetes

Question 34

Diabetes symptoms:

Answer 34

Hyperglycemia, increased urination, increased thirst, weight loss, dehydration, Ketoacidosis: build of ketone bodies (can lead to a coma)

Question 35

Longtern diabetes complications:

Answer 35

Cornornary heart disease, amputation, bad blood lipid, hypertension, hypertension, eye problems, kidney problems, nerve damage

Question 36

Primary functions of Proteins

Answer 36

building hormones, enzymes, & other compounds

Question 36

Primary functions of Proteins

Answer 36

building hormones, enzymes, & other compounds

Question 37

Cannot be produced by our bodies, must get from food,

Answer 37

Essential Amino acids

Question 38

Cannot be made by our bodies

Answer 38

Nonessential amino acids

Question 39

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 39

9

Question 40

How many nonessential amino acids are there?

Answer 40

11

Question 41

What populations need more protein?

Answer 41

Infants/Children, Teens, Pregnant or lactating women, Athletes and 65 years or older

Question 42

what is the DRI for healthy adults?

Answer 42

56g

Question 43

Are protein supplements necessary?

Answer 43

Dietary protein is necessary fro building muscle tissue

Question 44

Are dietary supplements, not regulated, No level of use can be considered safe, possible digestive disturbance, Body handles whole proteins from food best

Answer 44

Amino acid supplements

Question 44

Are dietary supplements, not regulated, No level of use can be considered safe, possible digestive disturbance, Body handles whole proteins from food best

Answer 44

Amino acid supplements

Question 45

what is a complete protein?

Answer 45

It contains all 9 essential amino acids

Question 46

What is a complementary protein?

Answer 46

Two protein sources that together supply all 9 essential amino acids

Question 47

What is a high quality protein? Food sources

Answer 47

High quality contains all 9 essential amino acids Food sources: meat, eggs, fish, dairy

Question 48

lacto-ovo vegetarian

Answer 48

includes Dairy products & eggs no meat or seafood

Question 49

Lacto-vegetarian

Answer 49

Includes dairy products No meat, seafood, or eggs

Question 50

Ovo-vegetarian

Answer 50

includes eggs No dairy products, meat, or seafood

Question 51

Pescatarian

Answer 51

Includes fish and seafood

Question 52

Vegan

Answer 52

only plant foods no animal food products

Question 53

Flexitarian

Answer 53

Eats mostly plant-based foods Occasionally eats meat or seafood

Question 54

what are the health benefits of plant-based diets

Answer 54

Lower intake of unhealthy fat and total energy Lower body fat Lower Blood pressure Reduce risk of heart disease Reduce risk of some types cancer Fewer digestive problems

Question 55

Low levels of lactase in the intestines

Answer 55

Lactose intolerance

Question 56

What are the cancer diet risks?

Answer 56

Body fatness Physical inactivity Alcohol consumption Poor nutrition

Question 57

What are prevention methods for cancer?

Answer 57

Achieve and maintain a healthy weight throughout life, Be physically active on a basis, Avoid or limit alcohol, Follow a healthy eating pattern at all ages