Exam 2

Question 1

Country of South Africa economy

Answer 1

economic powerhouse but has the worst income distribution, one of the most urban in Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 2

Newest country in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 2

South Sudan

Question 3

Mansa Musa

Answer 3

ruler of Mali during 14th century

Question 4

The Berlin Conference

Answer 4

13 European countries met in Berlin to divide up Africa
Africans weren’t invited and indigenous cultures were ignored

Question 5

Historically, why are there so many conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 5

poor government, ethnic rivalries, and preconcieved colonial boundaries

Question 6

What factors have historically limited economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 6

Limited ability to ship goods because of escarpment
Few roads and rivers
Sahara, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean isolate it
Extractive colonialism
Varied development of state governments based on colonial power

Question 7

Location of most severe desertification in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 7

Sahel

Question 8

Sub-Saharan Africa’s main trading partner

Answer 8

European Union

Question 9

What is kleptocracy?

Answer 9

A state where corruption is so institutionalized that large percentages of the country’s wealth is siphoned off
A government where corrupt leaders take foregin aid for themselves
Ex) Zimbabwe and Angola

Question 10

How did each of the four major colonial powers in Sub-Saharan Africa act as colonial powers in governance?

Answer 10

Great Britain: “Indirect Rule” Indigenous power structures were left intact to some degree and local rulers were made representatives of the crown.
Belgium: “Paternalistic” Treated Africans as though they were children who needed to be tutored in western ways. Raw resource oriented; ignored the development of the indigenous population
France: “Assimilationist” Enforced a direct rule which propagated the French culture through language, laws, education, and dress.
Portugal: “Exploitation” First to enslave and colonize and one of the last to grant independence. Maintained rigid control; raw resource oriented. Results in Marxist rebellions

Question 11

Current and projected population of Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 11

Current population: 1.391 billion (2021)
Projected by 2050: 2 billion

Question 12

Transhumance

Answer 12

movement of animals between wet and dry season pastures

Question 13

The Sahel

Answer 13

Zone of transtion between Sahara to theh north and wetter savannas to the south

Question 14

Congo River character

Answer 14

main travel corridor in Democratic Reupublic of Congo
Empties into the Atlantic Ocean

Question 15

European colonial powers in the middle east after WWI

Answer 15

French, British, and Italians

Question 16

Somalia current status and location

Answer 16

“Horn of Africa”, central government largely doesn’t exist, two regions have separated to some extent (Somaliland - wishes to be independent, and Puntland - declared autonomy)

Question 17

Niger River

Answer 17

critical water source for arid portions of West Africa

Question 18

Countries in Sub-Saharan colonized by Germany

Answer 18

Namibia, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi

Question 19

Internally displaced person

Answer 19

someone who is forced to leave their home but stays within their country

Question 20

Refugee

Answer 20

a person who is forced to leave their country usually to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

Question 21

The Great Escarpment

Answer 21

located on the coast starting at the southwest corner of Angola around the southern end of Africa and going to the northeast corner of South Africa has been an impediment to development

Question 22

In which Sub-Saharan African country is tropical deforestation the greatest?

Answer 22

Madagascar

Question 23

Sub-Saharan countries with major mountains

Answer 23

None

Question 24

The first European colonial power in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 24

Portuguese

Question 25

Country in Sub-Saharan Africa with the greatest population

Answer 25

Nigeria

Question 26

Where are the most secure wildlife reserves located in Africa?

Answer 26

Southern Africa - Botswana

Question 27

Language group spoken in Madagascar

Answer 27

Austronesian

Question 28

What is Swahili?

Answer 28

language of trade now used in East Africa and is widely used in east Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 29

Common non-African languages used in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 29

English, French, Dutch, Arabic, and German

Question 30

Location of countries and areas of Sub-Saharan Africa with the lowest HIV prevalence

Answer 30

Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Nigeria

Question 31

Where is Timbuctoo?

Answer 31

Mali

Question 32

Major rivers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 32

Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi, and Okavango

Question 33

What city is the Sub-Saharan region's only megacity?

Answer 33

Lagos

Question 34

Countries of the Maghreb of Southwest Asia/North Africa

Answer 34

Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

Question 35

Outcomes of climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 35

Horn of Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are most vulnerable Will see issues with food security Some conflicts (Sudan/Darfur) may increase because of competition between farmers and pastoralists Central African rainforest will likely receive increased rainfall

Question 36

Anatolian Plateau location

Answer 36

Turkey

Question 37

Factors that result in political conflict between countries as well as within countries in North Africa and Southwest Asia

Answer 37

Superimposed national boundaries placed on the area by colonial powers after WWI did not resspect existing ethnic, cultural and linguistic differences, resulting in continuing ethnic strife in the area Variations of the Islamic faith results in sectarian and ethnic violence The presence and uneven distribution of significant reserves of oil in the ragion results in a wide range of wealth distribution and differing abilities for countries to promote political and religious agendas in the region Presence of former European colonial powers and US and Russian results in the area acting as a flash point between competing world views

Question 38

Location of the Mesopotamia in North Africa and Southwest Asia

Answer 38

Iraq

Question 39

Approximate population of the Southwest Asia and North Africa

Answer 39

over 500 million

Question 40

Group involved in fighting in Yemen

Answer 40

Shiites

Question 41

Number of Syrian refugees

Answer 41

5.6 million

Question 42

Straits of Hormuz significance

Answer 42

only sea passage from Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is controlled by Iran

Question 43

The Levant location and meaning

Answer 43

Eastern Mediterranean Comes from the French and means the land wast of Italy, where the sun rises. The French word comes from Latin for 'the rising'

Question 44

What is caliphate?

Answer 44

A form of Islamic government led by a caliph, a political and religious successor to the prophet Muhammed

Question 45

What group lost the most because of the six-day war?

Answer 45

Palistenians

Question 46

Jerusalem, why is it difficult to resolve land control issues?

Answer 46

There are sacred sites for Jews, Christians, and Muslims within the Old city and they have disagreements that can lead to conflict

Question 47

Environmental problems facing North Africa/Southwest Asia

Answer 47

Deforestation, Overgrazing, Salinization, Water shortages

Question 48

What happened to the Gaza Strip in 2005?

Answer 48

Israel removed troops and settlers

Question 49

What is dryland agriculture?

Answer 49

relies on seasonal rains rather than irrigation

Question 50

Examples of exotic river settlement in North Africa and Southwest Asia location

Answer 50

Water transported from more humid areas through arid regions Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates largest examples Smaller example along Jordan River

Question 51

The three principal European countries that occupied the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire

Answer 51

French, British, and Italians

Question 52

Location of population in Egypt

Answer 52

within 10 miles of the Nile

Question 53

Who is Mustafa Kemal?

Answer 53

Founder of the Republic of Turkey and first president there

Question 54

Who are the Houthis and where do they primarily reside?

Answer 54

members of an Islamic religious-political-armed movement that emerged from northern Yemen

Question 55

Location of most of the Shiite Muslims

Answer 55

Iran

Question 56

Why was the Ottoman Empire divided up?

Answer 56

They sided with the Germans during WWI who did not win the war so it was divided between European powers (French, British, Italians)

Question 57

Six-day War consequences

Answer 57

created territories, increased tensions, major setback for Palestinians

Question 58

What is the significance of "Land for Peace"

Answer 58

It was a way to create a settlement between Israel and Palestine where if Israel were to withdrawal from occupied Arab territories including Palestinian land, the Arabs would make peace with Israel

Question 59

Who was Mosadeq?

Answer 59

Prime minister of Iran who was eventually removed due to a coup instigated by the UK and US (CIA)

Question 60

Current country providing foreign aid to Sub. Africa

Answer 60

China

Question 61

Country with the second largest population in Sub. Africa

Answer 61

Ethiopia

Question 62

Number of people who died in the Iran-Iraq War

Answer 62

460,000

Question 63

Blue Nile location

Answer 63

Ethiopia

Question 64

Location of Victoria Falls

Answer 64

Zimbabwe

Question 65

First country in Sub. Africa to decolonize

Answer 65

Ghana

Question 66

Hittites

Answer 66

developed cultural centeron Anatolian Plateau (Turkey), developed techniques for smelting iron prior to other cultures which continued to use bronze for weapons and agriculture

Question 67

Location of forests in North Africa and SW Asia

Answer 67

Western Iran, Eastern Mediterranean (Levant), Atlas Mountains

Question 68

Newest country in North Africa-SW Asia

Question 69

How much farmland will be lost in Egypt due to global climate change?

Answer 69

250,000 acres

Question 70

What country has been offering money for the construction projects in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 70

China