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abnormal > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

-affects approximately 1-7% of gen pop
-affects all ages equally
-comorbid with anxiety and mood dis.

A

illness anxiety disorder

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2
Q

types of dsm 5 dissociative disorders
-depersonalization/derealization
-amnesia
-trance disorder
-identity disorder

A

types of dsm 5 dissociative disorders

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3
Q

recurrent episodes where a person has sensations of unreality of their own body or surroundings, feelings dominate/interfere with life functions

A

depersonalization/derealization disorder

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4
Q

during episodes, person travels or wanders assuming a new identity in a different place. cannot remember how or why they’re there

A

dissociative amnesia

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5
Q

tendency to interpret life events negatively

A

cognitive errors

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6
Q

lack of perceived control over life events lead to decreased attempt to improve own situation

A

learned helplessness theory

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7
Q

low serotonergic function accounts for both manic and depressive states through defective dampening of other neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and dopamine)

A

permissive hypothesis

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8
Q

elevated cortisol and hippocampal volume

A

stress hypothesis

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9
Q

gross deviation in moods

A

mood disorders

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10
Q

periods of depressed or elevated mood lasting days or weeks include…

A

major depressive episodes, manic episodes, hypomanic episodes

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11
Q

at least 5 symptoms, lasting more than 1 week with disturbed mood and increased energy, inflated self-esteem and decreased sleep need, more talking and racing thoughts

A

manic episodes

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12
Q

5 or more symptoms in same 2 week period, depressed mood or lost of interest/pleasure, weight loss/gain, worthlessness feeling, indecisive

A

major depressive episodes

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13
Q

shorter, less severe version of manic, lasts at least 4 days, fever/mild symptoms, less impairment than manic (less risky behavior)

A

hypomanic episodes

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14
Q

disorders mixed together with features of another for example: depressive episode with manic features

A

mixed features

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15
Q

alterations between major depressive and manic episodes

A

bipolar 1

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16
Q

alterations between major depressive and hypomanic episodes

A

bipolar 2

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17
Q

alterations between less sever depressive and hypomanic episodes

A

cyclothymic disorder

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18
Q

world lifetime prevalence 16%
6% experience major depression in last year
females twice as likely
occurs less in prepubertal children
adults over 65 have 50% less prevalence

A

prevalence of mood disorder

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19
Q

neurotransmitter system
serotonin and relation to transmitters
serotonin regulates norepinephrine and dopamine
related to low serotonin levels
endocrine system
stress hypothesis
hippocampal volume

A

neurological causes of mood disorder

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20
Q

learned helplessness theory of depression
negative cognitive styles are at risk for depression
depressed people engage in cognitive errors
depressive attributional style

A

psychological causes of mood disorder

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21
Q

teaches patient to identify thinking error, dispute them, generate more accurate ways of thinking, generate practical solutions

A

Aaron becks cognitive therapy

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22
Q

increase contact with reinforcing events

A

behavioral activation

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23
Q

addresses problematic relationship functioning associated with depression

A

interpersonal psychotherapy

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24
Q

in family
low serotonin
preexisting psych disorder
alcohol abuse
stressful life events, humiliation
past behavior
planning and access to methods

A

suicide risk factors

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25
Q

altruistic, egoistic, anomic, fatalistic

A

suicide types

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26
Q

individual, “I bring dishonor to my family”

A

altruistic suicide

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27
Q

loss of social support

A

egoistic suicide

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28
Q

results of marked disruption, sudden loss of good job

A

anomic suicide

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29
Q

loss of control over life

A

fatalistic suicide

30
Q

extreme weight loss, 15% below expected weight, fear of weight gain, considered extreme when BMI is below 15, most are depressed, have OCD, or substance abusers

A

anorexia nervosa

31
Q

recurrent excessive eating in discrete amount of time, its uncontrollable, organ failure, body image distortion

A

bulimia nervosa

32
Q

recurrent episodes with 3 or more of the following:
-eating; rapidly, until uncomfortably full, when not hungry, alone due to embarrassment; feeling disgusted, depressed, guilty
once a week for 3 months
marked body distress
20% in weight-control programs have this

A

binge eating disorder

33
Q

restricting and binge-eating / purging

A

anorexia subtypes

34
Q

severe limitation of food in effort to lose weight

A

restricting

35
Q

binge eating/purgingeating excessive amounts then purge to combat the weight gained from eating

A

binge eating/purging

36
Q

lifetime prevalance - 1%
10:1 - female to male ratio
middle to upper-middle class families
develops early adolescence

A

anorexia stats

37
Q

develop in non-western women after moving to western countries
rare in African American women

A

anorexia cross cultural stats

38
Q

lifetime prevalence - 1-1.5%
10:1 - female to male ratio
males more likely to be gay/bi
onset in adolescence
binge eating after periods of dieting
tends to be chronic if untreated

A

bulimia stats

39
Q

low sense of control and confidence
perfectionism in anorexia, impulsivity in bulimia
preoccupation with food and appearance
mood intolerence
distorted body image

A

social and psych dimensions of eating disorder causes

40
Q

sex differences reported are probably related to the greater incidence of dieting, anorexia, and bulimia among American women than American men

A

study by Fallon and Rozin (1985)

41
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy
interpersonal psychotherapy
self-help techniques
nutrition counseling for BED

A

psychological treatment for anorexia and bulimia

42
Q

prevalence most recently 41.9%
increased from 2000-2020 11%
related conditions include; heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers.

A

obesity statistics

43
Q

belief that one cannot use and it leads to uncontrolled use when any amount of substance is used

A

abstinence violation effect

44
Q

central tenets
biological basis
- inherited alc allergy
inevitable progression
- addiction only gets worse
- treatment necessary for recovery

A

disease model of alcoholism

45
Q

pain relief, euphoria, drowsiness, slow breaths
fatal high dosage
withdrawal lasting and fatal
elevate HIV risk
high mortality

A

opiods effects

46
Q

delusions, paranoia, hallucinations, and/or altered sensory perception

A

hallucinogens effects

47
Q

long term mood disturbances and physical problems

A

steroids effects

48
Q

dementia and Wernicke-korsakoff disorder

A

alcohol effects

49
Q

intermittent explosive disorder
kleptomania
pyromania

A

impulse control disorders

50
Q

frequent aggressive outbursts
property destruction

A

intermittent explosive disorder

51
Q

failure to resist urge to steal unnecessarily
co occurs with substance-related problems

A

kleptomania

52
Q

irresistible urge to set fires

A

pyromania

53
Q

Persistent depressive disorder (formerly called dysthymia) differs from major depressive disorder because people diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are
a. longer lasting
b. more sever
c. episodic
d. temporary

A

a

54
Q

A 35-year-old individual named Manny has recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To provide funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all the money from his bank account and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes in which to put them. When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS, he himself was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What is your diagnosis of Manny?
a. manic episode
b. major depressive episode
c. hypomanic episode
d. postpartum disorder

A

a

55
Q

Most individuals who experience a single episode of major depressive disorder will
a. probably have several episodes throughout their lives
b. never have another episode
c. most likely have just one
d. later have a manic episode

A

a

56
Q

The most usual pattern of a temporal specifier in major depressive disorder occurs in the late fall and ends with the beginning of spring. This type of depression is known as
a. seasonal affective disorder
b. melancholic
c. recurrent
d. postpartum

A

a

57
Q

All of the following are accurate statements about the prevalence of mood disorders in children and adolescents EXCEPT
a. rates of attempted suicide among younger adults is very low
b. bipolar disorder in children is often misdiagnosed as ADHD
c. major depressive disorder in adolescents is largely female
d. adolescents with bipolar may come aggressive. impulsive, sexually provocative, accident-prone

A

a

58
Q

Cross-cultural research indicates that, due at least in part to appalling social and economic conditions, the prevalence of major depression is extremely high among
a. native americans
african americans
hispanic americans
asian Americans

A

a

59
Q

Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with
a. binge-eating disorder
b. bulimia nervosa
c. ocd
d. anorexia nervosa

A

a

60
Q

Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan
a. might be diagnosed with bulimia
b. should be diagnosed with anorexia
c. will not be diagnosed
d. cannot be diagnosed

A

a

61
Q

The most serious medical consequence of bulimia nervosa is potential
a. electrolyte imbalance
b. salivary gland damage
c. starvation
d. tooth erosion

A

a

62
Q

Contingency management involves
a. use of medications
b. altering expectations
c. use of reinforcement for specific behaviors
d. elimination of abuse cues

A

c

63
Q

Relapse prevention refers to a treatment mode that views relapse as
a. a failure of cognitive and behavioral coping skills
b. proof that a person will never be able to control drinking
c. insurmountable obstacle to treatment for substance abuse
d. failure of willpower

A

a

64
Q

When manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes, the disorder most correctly diagnosed would be
a. bipolar 1 disorder
b. major depressive
c. bipolar 2
d. cyclothymic

A

a

65
Q

Rose steals money from his mother’s handbag every time she needs to buy drugs. Her substance dependence is manifested by
a. psychological addiction
b. drug seeking behavior
c. withdrawal symptoms
d. continuing tolerance

A

b

66
Q

Annabelle has been a heavy drinker for years. Her behavior reflects confusion, loss of muscle coordination and unintelligible speech. Such behavior is probably the result of
a. fetal alcohol syndrome
b. wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
c. dementia
d. substance abuse psych disorder

A

b

67
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol while pregnant. Symptoms of FAS include all of the following EXCEPT
a. excessive fetal growth
b. cognitive deficits and behavior problems
c. distorted facial features
d. learning difficulties

A

a

68
Q

All of the following analgesic substances are classified as opiates EXCEPT
a. morphine
b. heroin
c. codeine
d. cocaine

A

d

69
Q

All of the following are symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol EXCEPT
a. nausea and vomiting
b. hypersomnia
c. transiet hallucinations
d. agitation

A

b

70
Q

A component that seems to be an integral part of the therapy for substance use disorders is
a. contingency management
b. pharacotherapy
c. covert sensitization
d. relapse prevention

A

a

71
Q

Although most impulse control disorders are considered rare, one that affects an increasing number of people is
a. gambling disorder
b. pyromania
c. kleptomania
d. intermittent explosive disorder

A

a

72
Q

An individual with alcoholism who is highly motivated to stop drinking and who understands the possibly severe consequences of treatment may be prescribed the drug called Antabuse. This medication is an example of an_____________ treatment for alcoholism.
a. 12-step
b. aversive
c. agonist (substitution)
d. antagonist

A

b

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