EXAM #2 Flashcards
practice and feedback!
positive transfer
Previous practice in one
skill assists learning of a
new skill
why do we practice?
To increase our capability of performing a skill in
future situations (retention and/or transfer).
what may occur when varying the variety of movement or context charcterisitcs experienced during practice of a skill?
poor performance in practice’
better performance in retention and transfer
how does the nervous system learn the relationship between descending motor commands and movement outcomes?
via sensory feedback
are results improved from retention and transfer of learned motor skills
YES
T OR F: would you want low variability for early learners?
YES variability produces greater error
what is stage 1?
Getting the idea of the movement -
Variability in practice may interfere with this stage
what is stage 2?
Fixation and diversification – requires
variability in practice
what can vary in practice?
context (environment): regulatory conditions and non-regulatory conditions
skill (task): movement patterns and movement parameters
does variability in the environment require variability in the skill (diversification)?
YES
closed (stationary) environment
When regulatory or non-regulatory conditions vary in ‘real’ performance, they should also vary in practice
regulatory conditions of inter-trial variability
practice should vary distances, snow characteristics, slope
non-regulatory conditions of inter-trial variability
distant rock formations, crowd
regulatory conditions of (no inter-trial variability)
Practice should not vary regulatory
conditions (e.g., height, width)
non-regulatory conditions of (no inter-trial variability)
Should vary crowd noise, game
‘situations’, etc.
If there is always inter-trial variability …
regulatory and non
-regulatory conditions should vary in practice
T OR F: Early learners need low variability
TRUE
Fractionization
Practice parts
separately. Put
together when each
part is learned
Segmentation
Practice part A, then
B, then AB, then C,
then ABC =
Progressive chaining
Simplification
A variation on
whole practice;
reduces difficulty
of the entire skill
random practice
putting parts together in a different order
blocked practice
learn each part seperately
serial practice
connect the parts in the same order each time
T OR F = Random practice results in better learning and retention compared to blocked practice
TRUE
